Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology Vol. 9(06), pp. 51-55, November, 2021 Available online at http://www.jabonline.in DOI: 10.7324/JABB.2021.9606 Applications of bacterial endophytes and their advanced identification methodologies R. Renugadevi*, M. P. Ayyappadas, V. Subha Priya, M. Flory Shobana, K. Vivekanandhan Department of Biotechnology, Rathnavel Subramaniam College of Arts and Science Autonomous, Coimbatore, India. ARTICLE INFO Article history: Received on: January 05, 2021 Accepted on: April 15, 2021 Available online: November 10, 2021 Key words: Bacteria, endophytes, phytohormones, phosphate solubilization and nitrogen fixation, siderophore production ABSTRACT Endophytic bacteria found in all the plant that colonizes the internal tissues of their host plant and establish different relationships, such as symbiotic, commensalistic, mutualistic, and tophobiotic. The molecular basis of endophytic interactions is still not well understood. Endophytic bacteria improve plant growth under normal and diffcult circumstances. They increase nutrient uptake, modify the plant growth, synthesis phytohormones, and secondary metabolites, also provide defense mechanism against pathogens and pests by hydrolytic enzymes with nutrient limitation. Endophytes has greatest phosphate solubilization potential and nitrogen fxation properties and produce siderophore compound in order to uptake Fe. This review focus on the isolation, screening, molecular identifcation by 16SrRNA sequencing and highlights of potential application of bacterial endophytes. 1. INTRODUCTION Microorganisms in soil generate nutrients, such as phosphorous, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, potassium, vitamins, amino acids, and trace elements promote growth and health of plants. Endophyte is an endosymbiont living inside the plants and release phytohormones and other secondary metabolites, which regulate growth and morphogenesis of plants in both direct and indirect ways. Phosphate solubilization and nitrogen fxation of endophytes promote soil fertility, siderophore compound enhance plant growth and act as biocontrol agent control pests and insects. Endophytes are thriving in leaves, stems, roots, seeds, fruits, fowers that beneft plant growth. This review focuses on the applications of bacterial endophytes and their advanced identifcation methodologies. Several kinds of endophytes are colonized in living plants to adopt host plants against surrounding stresses. During last two decades, these endophytes have targeted for new bioactive compounds and secondary metabolites [1]. Endophytes colonize in plants tissue intra/intercellularly can beneft host plant without causing harmful disease, which supports plant growth in regular and challenging conditions [2]. Endophytes such as fungi, bacteria, or actinomycetes associated within plants studied almost until now. Colletotrichum sp., Enterobacter sp., Phomopsis sp., Cladosporium sp., Phyllosticta sp., etc are few commonly found endophytes [3]. It has been reported that Agrobacterium, Achromobacter, Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Brevibacterium, Pseudomonas, and Xanthomonas are some diversity of endophytic bacteria [4]. Plant limits endophytic growth to adapt in a gradual way to their living environments that produce a variety of compounds that are benefcial to plants development and protection [5]. Several compounds of endophytic bacteria establish steady symbiosis to adapt environmental conditions [2,6]. The bacterial endophytes are isolated from all types of plants such as from maize and bambusoid grasses [7,8]. From a single plant, different species of bacterial endophytes are also identifed and reported [9]. Quorum sensing is the technique that differentiates endophytic bacteria from pathogen where the communication process is made by pathogenic bacteria by producing signal molecules called autoinducers to track the density of population [10]. *Corresponding Author Renugadevi, Department of Biotechnology, Rathnavel Subramaniam College of Arts and Science(Autonomous), Coimbatore, India. E-mail: renugadevi @ rvsgroup.com © 2021 Renugadevi, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License -NonCommercial-ShareAlike Unported License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/).