E Energy Efficiency Processes and Sustainable Development in HEIs E. K. Nunoo, S. Mariwah and S. Shafic Suleman Institute for Oil and Gas Studies, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana Definition HEIs are looked up to as the fulcrum for providing leadership in innovations. These include energy efficiency initiatives. This entails management and stakeholders managing energy to provide the same level of service by consuming less energy to conserve resources, safe cost, and mitigate CO 2 . Introduction In recent times, HEIs in Ghana are under increas- ing pressure to manage electricity demand deficit, beat down cost of electricity, and reduce carbon emissions by becoming energy efficient (Asumadu-Sarkodie et al. 2016a). Residential energy consumption in Ghana has increased by over 60% from 1983 to 2017 with corresponding increase in electricity tariff by over 200% over the same period (Kumi 2017). The increasing energy cost faced by HEIs comes at a time when univer- sities operating budgets face competing demands with very limited opportunities to income (Maistry and McKay 2016). In addition, Ghana’ s main source of energy supply (Hydro power sup- ply) is unable to keep up with demand resulting in periodic load shedding (locally referred to as “Dumsor”). To supplement for such losses, a mix of thermal and diesel engines that burns fossil fuels are operated by HEIs. These sources tend to be highly disruptive and costly, and also contrib- ute much more to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emission levels (Asumadu-Sarkodie and Owusu 2016b). Managing energy costs down and promoting a culture of energy saving on university campuses has become essential, especially, when HEIs are looked up to as the fulcrum for providing leader- ship in innovations and energy efficiency initiatives. There is, generally, a high presence of HEIs in Ghana: public and private universities, vocational and polytechnics, and colleges of education (Nunoo 2018). All of them, in one way or the other are operational with energy and thus cannot remain unperturbed about the global and national drive towards energy efficiency, hence, sustain- able development (Unachukwu 2010). According to IMANI Ghana (2014), close to over 70% of the bulk electricity generated in Ghana is consumed by households and institutions. This imply that strict adherence to sustainable energy manage- ment practices (SEMP) could greatly reduce waste in energy use (ECG 2015). Amos-Abanyie et al. (2016) recount that efforts by government © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 W. Leal Filho (ed.), Encyclopedia of Sustainability in Higher Education, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63951-2_425-1