International Journal of Vaccines and Immune System An Open Access Journal Volume 2 Issue 1, January 2017 Wagner Quintilio et al , IJVI 2017, 2:1 International Journal of Vaccines and Immune System BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS MPLA AND RIBOFLAVIN AS ADJUVANTS FOR TRIVALENT INFLUENZA VACCINE Mini Review Open Access Wagner Quintilio, Fábio Alessandro de Freitas, Cosue Miyaki and Isaias Raw Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brasil. *Corresponding Author: Wagner Quintilio, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brasil. Email: wagner.quintilio@butantan.gov.br Tel: +55 11 2627-9450 7 Citation: Wagner Quintilio (2017). BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS MPLA AND RIBOFLAVIN AS ADJUVANTS FOR TRIVALENT INFLUENZA VACCINE Int J Vac & Im Sys. 2:1 7-12 Copyright: © 2017 Wagner Quintilio. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Received January 10 2017 Accepted January 12 2017; Published February 10 2017 Abstract: Adjuvanted trivalent infuenza vaccines containing 3.75 µg of each antigen strain with alum and ribofavin or Bordetella pertussis MPLA were tested in mice. Immune response was evaluated by haemagglutination inhibition test, ELISA and antibody afnity test. The highest increase in antibody titers was obtained with the formulation containing MPLA. Signifcant increase in HAI titer was observed when mice received the formulation containing MPLA and alum, with a clear cross reaction between B lineages. Corroborating our previous results with monovalent vaccine, this study confrmed the adjuvant formulations containing MPLA or Ribofavin as promising adjuvants to be evaluated in clinical trials. I.INTRODUCTION Seasonal infuenza vaccines are usually composed by antigen, i.e., split virus, in a physiological bufer containing or not conservatives. The use of adjuvanted vaccines with reduced antigen amount in humans have already showed efcacy in a monovalent formulation (Precioso et al, 2011) and could be an important tool for antigen- sparing, for reducing costs or to increase the immune response to new pandemic strains, taking in account the use of an afordable adjuvant. At the same time, since 2013, WHO has been recommended the use of quadrivalent infuenza vaccines containing two strains of type B lineages (Yamagata and Victoria) once both lineages have been co-circulating (WHO). However, this increase in vaccine cost might be a trouble in low income and developing countries either fnancial and product availability. A formulation that could elicit cross-reacting antibodies to B lineages would be especially useful to solve this situation. In light of these facts and considering previous results for monovalent A/H1N1 vaccine (Quintilio et al, 2016; Precioso et al, 2011), in this paper we describe the efect of MPLA and ribofavin combined to alum as adjuvant as a proof-of-concept for trivalent infuenza vaccine. The efect of the formulations on eliciting antibody titers and on cross reactivity between B strains (Yamagata and Victoria) were evaluated in order to elucidate the choice for better candidate vaccine adjuvant. Materials and Methods Animals All animal tests were performed following the guidelines from Instituto Butantan Animal Care and Use Committee (permit CEUA 3096300915). Female BALB/c mice (Mus muscullus) aged 6-8 weeks were provided by Instituto Butantan Animal Facilities. During the experiments they received balanced food and fresh water ad libitum. Guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) red blood cells suspension at 1 % was provided by Infuenza Laboratory. Reagents Ribofavin (Vitamin B2) was purchased from Merck. MPLA Keywords: Infuenza vaccine, adjuvants, vitamins, MPLA, TIV, QIV. ISSN 2475-6326