Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 2019, 7, 454-467
https://www.scirp.org/journal/jmmce
ISSN Online: 2327-4085
ISSN Print: 2327-4077
DOI: 10.4236/jmmce.2019.76032 Nov. 27, 2019 454 J. Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering
Extraction of Pectin from Ripe Plantain Peel,
Fabrication and Characterization of Composite
(Pectin/PVA/Glycerol) Films Produced from
the Extracted Pectin
Chizoba May Obele
1
, Stanley Udochukwu Ofoegbu
2
, Chioma Irene Awuzie
3
1
Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
2
Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus
Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
3
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Oko, Nigeria
Abstract
High methoxyl pectin (DE = 59.53%) was extracted from plantain peel using
acid extraction method. Pectin yield was 40.5%; moisture content was
87.56%; equivalent weight was 1000 g/ml, and galacturonic acid content was
2.89 mg/ml. Composite polymer films incorporating the extracted pectin ma-
nifest their best mechanical properties; tensile strength and % elongation of
5.51 MPa and 5.75% respectively with 10 ml glycerol/1g pectin. Raman spec-
tra peaks at 2930 cm
1
, 1750 cm
−1
and 820 cm
−1
indicated CH-stretch, C=O es-
ter group of pectin and COH ring in pectin respectively. Films containing
pectin sourced from waste are considered potential alternative sources of en-
vironmentally benign packaging materials.
Keywords
Composite Films, Waste, Bio Economy, Sustainable, Raw Materials
1. Introduction
Pectin is an excellent carbohydrate polymer derived from mainly natural re-
sources and is the structural component of plant cell wall [1]. Chemically, pectin
is poly α-1, 4-galacturonic acid, with varying degree of methylation of carboxylic
acid residues. Pectin with more than 50% methyl ester groups is classified as
high-methoxyl (HM) and those with less than 50% methyl ester groups as
low-methoxyl (LM). The degree of esterification of galacturonic acid residues of
How to cite this paper: Obele, C.M.,
Ofoegbu, S.U. and Awuzie, C.I. (2019) Ex-
traction of Pectin from Ripe Plantain Peel,
Fabrication and Characterization of Compo-
site (Pectin/PVA/Glycerol) Films Produced
from the Extracted Pectin. Journal of Min-
erals and Materials Characterization and
Engineering, 7, 454-467.
https://doi.org/10.4236/jmmce.2019.76032
Received: June 3, 2019
Accepted: November 24, 2019
Published: November 27, 2019
Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and
Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution International
License (CC BY 4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Open Access