International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences | February 2018 | Vol 6 | Issue 2 Page 417
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
Amadi C et al. Int J Res Med Sci. 2018 Feb;6(2):417-421
www.msjonline.org pISSN 2320-6071 | eISSN 2320-6012
Original Research Article
Age-specific serum prostate-specific antigen references range among
healthy men in Port Harcourt, Nigeria: a retrospective hospital-based
study
Collins Amadi*, Ehimen P. Odum
INTRODUCTION
Prostate cancer has assumed an epidemic proportion
around the globe especially among men of the black
race.
1,2
Its rising pattern both in incidence and mortality
has taken an alarming trend for the past two decades in
Nigeria.
3
Port Harcourt is reported to have the highest
incidence rate (37.2%) at the moment in Nigeria with
men between 70-79years predominating among other age
groups.
4
The disease management has additionally been
challenging to Urologists owing to the issue of prostate-
specific antigen qualities in the diagnosis of the disease.
5,6
PSA has quite some time been described for not being an
ideal tumor biomarker for prostate cancer, however this is
currently being addressed contentiously with the idea of
derivations of PSA indices (velocity, density and free to
total ratio) which are endeavors to enhance its sensitivity
and specificity for prostate cancer diagnosis.
6
Its serum
levels in men have been observed to vary from one
geographical location to another, from ethnicity to
ethnicity and from race to race with healthy men of the
black race having higher levels than their Caucasian and
Asian counterparts and its level also correlates with
advancing age and the prostate volume.
7-9
Accordingly,
Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Received: 02 December 2017
Accepted: 30 December 2017
*Correspondence:
Dr. Collins Amadi,
E-mail: collins338@yahoo.com
Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
ABSTRACT
Background: Total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels increase with advancing age. Its age-specific ranges are
being advocated to increase its sensitivity and specificity. This study was aimed to examine the relationship between
total PSA levels and age, and to determine the age-specific ranges among healthy men without prostatic diseases in
our environment.
Methods: In this retrospective hospital-based study, records of men without prostatic diseases who had visited
University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital for routine screening for prostate cancer using serum total PSA
between 1st January 2012 and 31st December 2016 were retrieved and analyzed using descriptive statistics and
Spearman’s correlation test. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: Records of 476 men aged 38 to 86 years were recruited for the study. The age-specific total PSA reference
range using the 95
th
percentile total PSA concentration values in each 10year groups were 0-1.60, 0-4.93, 0-6.93, 0-
7.80, 0-9.65, and 0-13.30 for the age groups 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79 and >80years respectively. There was
a positive correlation between serum PSA concentration and age (rs = 0.395; p<0.001).
Conclusions: Total PSA increases with advancing age and its age-specific reference range in this study are similar to
findings in our environment but higher than the values found in other parts of the world. We suggest serum PSA
normal reference values should be characterized by age and race in our environment.
Keywords: Age, Age-specific, Nigeria, Prostate cancer, Reference
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20180278