Proceedings of the 2017 Winter Simulation Conference
W. K. V. Chan, A. D’Ambrogio, G. Zacharewicz, N. Mustafee, G. Wainer, and E. Page, eds.
THE MODELVERSE: A TOOL FOR MULTI-PARADIGM MODELLING AND SIMULATION
Yentl Van Tendeloo
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science
University of Antwerp
Middelheimlaan 1
Antwerp, BELGIUM
Hans Vangheluwe
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science
University of Antwerp / Flanders Make vzw
Middelheimlaan 1
Antwerp, BELGIUM
ABSTRACT
Multi-Paradigm Modelling (MPM) has been proposed to tackle the complexities found in Cyber-Physical
Systems. MPM advocates the explicit modelling of all pertinent parts and aspects of complex systems.
It adresses and integrates three orthogonal dimensions: multi-abstraction modelling, concerned with the
(refinement, generalization, . . . ) relationships between models; multi-formalism modelling, concerned
with the (multi-view, multi-component, . . . ) coupling of and transformation between models described in
different formalisms; explicitly modelling the often complex, concurrent workflows. Current modelling,
analysis and simulation tools support only isolated parts of MPM. The core methods and techniques enabling
MPM are modelling language engineering, model operations (such as transformation and simulation), and
workflow modelling. This paper delves into each enabler, presenting its relation to MPM and how it
is supported in our prototype tool: the Modelverse. An automotive power window example is used to
illustrate the Modelverse’s capabilities. All aspects are explicitly modelled and enacted with a Formalism
Transformation Graph + Process Model (FTG+PM).
1 INTRODUCTION
Complex Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) consist of a physical part which interacts with its environment, are
controlled by (embedded) software, and are often networked with other Cyber-Physical Systems. Modelling
is essential to develop these systems and tackle their inherent complexity. In particular, Multi-Paradigm
Modelling (MPM) (Vangheluwe, de Lara, and Mosterman 2002) proposes to explicitly model all relevant
aspects of the system, using the most appropriate formalism(s), at the most appropriate level(s) of abstraction,
while explicitly modelling the development process. Due to its nature, MPM spans a large number of
domain-specific formalisms (as these are often most appropriate), with associated operations, combined in
a process model. These aspects may be modelled using the Formalism Transformation Graph and Process
Model (FTG+PM) formalism (Lucio et al. 2013).
Support for MPM, and in particular for the FTG+PM, is only partial in current tools. This, as MPM
combines three research areas:
1. Language Engineering to create and instantiate new languages. These languages can be tailored to
the problem domain, resulting in Domain-Specific Modelling Languages (DSMLs). This aspect of
MPM lowers the cognitive gap between the problem and solution domain by decreasing verbosity
and maximally constraining the modeller to the problem at hand.
2. Model Operations to define the semantics of models, and to execute them. These operations can
be tailored to specific DSMLs, thereby giving semantics to user-defined languages. This aspect of
MPM takes models beyond mere documentation, thereby increasing their usefulness.
3. Process Modelling to define the control and data flow of the development process. The process is
tailored to a specific problem, which gives rise to causal dependencies between the used formalisms
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