BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 21, Number 3, March 2020 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 910-921 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210309 Environmental factors influence on flowering and fruiting period of selected essential oil plants from Annonaceae DEWI AYU LESTARI  , ABBAN PUTRI FIQA  Purwodadi Botanic Gardens, Research Center for Plant Conservation and Botanic Gardens, Indonesia Institute of Sciences (LIPI). Jl. Surabaya-Malang Km. 65, Purwodadi, Pasuruan 67163, East Java, Indonesia. Tel./fax.: +62-343-615033,  email: chunyang_dee@yahoo.co.id,  abbanpf@gmail.com Manuscript received: 26 December 2019. Revision accepted: 6 February 2020. Abstract. Lestari DA, Fiqa AP. 2020. Environmental factors influence on flowering and fruiting period of selected essential oil plants from Annonaceae. Biodiversitas 21: 910-921. Many species of Annonaceae family in tropics produce fragrances, due to the active ingredients for essential oils. Since the abundant of flower and fruit production, basic knowledge of flowering and fruiting periods needs to be known. The aim of this study was to determine influence of environmental factors to selected essential oil plants flowering and fruiting period from Annonaceae family, i.e. Artabotrys suaveolens, Cananga odorata, Desmos chinensis, Dasymaschalon borneense, Fissistigma latifolium, and Xylopia malayana. Observations were made throughout the year during dry and rainy season, with each phase carried out scoring qualitatively based on its abundance in plant canopy. Data on environmental factors (temperature, humidity, and rainfall intensity) were obtained from Registration Unit, Purwodadi Botanic Garden (PBG). Data of flowering and fruiting period were analyzed descriptively using Microsoft Excel, while the influence of environmental factors to flowering and fruiting period was analyzed by Biplot with Past 3.0. statistic program. Flowering period occurred in wet months at the end of year (November-December), while fruiting period occurred in long dry month. Initiation and bloom of flowering were influenced by temperature, while fruiting period was largely influenced by humidity and rainfall intensity, except for C. odorata whose fruiting period was influenced by temperature. Keywords: Annonaceae, environmental factors, essential oils, flowering, fruiting INTRODUCTION Plants are living things that rich in active ingredients sources, which are used by chemical and pharmaceutical industries as raw material for certain products. One of products produced is essential oil. Essential oils are one example of vegetable oil from organic compounds that contain many benefits and are obtained through distillation process of plant parts such as roots, rhizomes, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds. Essential oils have a distinctive aroma and volatile cause its to be used as basis for making fragrances in cosmetics industry (Mangun 2006; Rusli 2010). The plants that produce essential oils have a large and varied amount, one of which is plant species from Annonaceae family. Many species of Annonaceae family in tropics produce fragrances, because they contain active ingredients for essential oils. In Annonaceae, the active ingredient component for each different plant species is predominantly obtained from flowers, fruit, leaves, bark and seed coat (Fournier et al. 2011). Plant parts of Annonaceae family that known as essential oil source production are flower and fruit, those were obtained through extraction process on it in a large number. Essential oils from Artabotrys spp. fragrances (Phan et al. 2011; Thang et al. 2013), fresh flower extraction of Cananga odorata (Putri et al. 2019), fresh leaf extraction from Desmos spp. (Dai et al. 2012), root, bark and fruit extraction of Monanthotaxis diclina and Unonopsis guatterioides (Fournier et al. 1997), leaf extraction from Pseuduvaria spp. (Brophy et al. 2004), leaf extraction from Xylopia aethiopica (Karioti et al. 2004) and various essential oils produced from various species of Annonaceae family. Basic understanding of flowering and fruiting period needs to be known, since the blooming periods of flowering and fruiting become important as it was the raw materials for essential oil production. By understanding how and when plant flowering and fruiting period then we might understand the physiological processes of plants and the response of plants to their environment (Brennan 1996; Khanduri et al. 2013; Micheloud et al. 2018). This environmental factor is important since it is related to the response of flowering and fruiting plants. Environmental factors can influence quality and quantities of essential oils were produced. This is because it influences the active ingredients production or secondary metabolites used as components of essential oils (Duarte et al. 2018). Plant flowering and fruiting patterns in tropics are very sensitive to environmental factors fluctuations such as temperature and rainfall intensity. If the environmental conditions do not allow plants flowering and fruiting, the plants will delay the flowering and fruiting period or also it might reducing its intensity until environmental conditions were allowed (Anderson et al. 2005). Environmental factors will influence pattern and productivity of flowers and fruits through shifting flowering and fruiting seasons (Winarni et al. 2016), especially specific micro-