Correlation Model of Horizontal Geometric and
Road Grade on CO
2
and PM
2.5
Vehicle Emission
In Bandung City
Nadifa Gina Safana
1
Yackob Astor
1*
Fitria Yulistiani
2
1
Infrastructure Engineering, Bandung State Polytechnic, Indonesia
2
Chemical Engineering, Bandung State Polytechnic, Indonesia
*
Corresponding author. Email: yackobastor@polban.ac.id
ABSTRACT
Based on the GHG and MVP Report in 2018, the transportation sector has become the second largest contributor of
GHG emissions in Indonesia. Efforts to reduce emissions have been made, but still focus on improving the
transportation mode which are still less optimal. Some researchers have proposed ideas that the design of road
infrastructure could also contribute in reducing vehicle emissions. This was confirmed by some correlation models
that show the impact of the road geometric on vehicle emissions. This study aims to estimate the value of vehicle
emission based on the geometric conditions of urban roads in Indonesia. The estimation of vehicle emission is
conducted using a correlation model that has been developed by other researcher in other country which then
compared with emission standards in Indonesia. Road geometric data are obtained by remote sensing method from
Digital Elevation Model (DEM) database. The analysis conducted are evaluation of vehicle emission compliance and
conformity of road geometric to some regulations. The results of the analysis indicate that the geometric conditions of
urban roads in Bandung also affect the production of CO
2
and PM
2.5
vehicle emissions and have the same pattern as
previous studies. Some of the results and the reviewed road samples exceed the applicable standards. The results of
this study can be used as a basic idea about the importance of establishing the road technical provisions on
environmental impacts in urban roads geometric planning guidelines in Indonesia and to contribute on government
program to reduce GHG emissions by 41% in 2030.
Keywords: emission, horizontal geometric, road grade, carbon deoxide (CO
2
), particulate matter 2.5
(PM
2.5
)
1. INTRODUCTION
The transportation sector has become one of major
impact on the environment, mainly due to the use of
fossil fuel which is the main cause of air pollution in
urban areas [1]. This is supported by Greenhouse Gas
Inventory and Monitoring, Reporting and Verification
Report in 2018 published by the Ministry of
Environment and Forestry regarding the level of
Greenhouse Gasses (GHG) emissions in the energy
sector.
From 2000 to 2017 emissions from transportation
sector increased every year and it ranks second largest
contributor of GHG emissions [2]. From all of the
transportation sub-sectors, roads generate enormous
energy consumption, which is 90.7% of energy
consumption [3]. This shows the efforts are less
optimal, especially the National Action Plan-
Greenhouse Gasses [4] in reducing vehicle emissions on
the road.
Figure 1 GHG Emission Level based on Sub-Sector
Activities of Energy Sector from 2000 - 2017
Besides CO
2
, there are other air pollutants produced
by motor vehicles, it is particulate matter < 2.5 μm
(PM2.5).
Advances in Engineering Research, volume 198
International Seminar of Science and Applied Technology (ISSAT 2020)
Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press B.V.
This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license -http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. 239