Journal of Dental and Maxillofacial Research Volume 2 Issue 3 Research Open J Dent Maxillofacial Res, Volume 2(3): 1–5, 2019 Review Article Current Status of Local Drug Delivery Systems in the Treatment of Periodontal Diseases Dk Siti Najwa Rashidah Pg Hj Ismail 1 , Rajan Rajabalaya 1 , Sheba R David 1 and Jagjit Singh Dhaliwal 1 * * 1 PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link BE1410, Brunei Darussalam *Correspondence Author: Dr. Jagjit Singh Dhaliwal, PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link BE1410, Brunei Darussalam; Email: jagjit.dhaliwal@ubd.edu.bn Received: August 25, 2019; Accepted: September 06, 2019; Published: September 11, 2019; Abstract Periodontal disease includes many pathological conditions afecting the periodontium, but gingivitis and periodontitis are the more common types. Gingivitis is a progressive condition, although it is reversible, when left untreated it can lead to periodontitis. Microbial species have a major role in the aetiology of periodontitis. Method: Information was derived from research papers using PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar using the keywords local drug delivery system, treatment, and periodontal disease. The search included articles up to 2018 with majorly in vivo studies in patients with periodontitis. The usage of local drug delivery systems with controlled or sustained release mechanisms may provide slightly beter therapeutic efect in comparison with patients who undergo scaling and root planning only. Conclusion: The present review of the literature of the currently available local drug delivery systems in the treatment of periodontal diseases. Keywords: Gingivitis, Periodontal Diseases, Periodontium, Scaling Introduction Periodontal disease is a term which comprises several pathological conditions involving the periodontium, which includes the gum, alveolar bone, dental cementum, and periodontal ligament [1]. Te more common conditions of periodontal diseases are gingivitis and periodontitis. Periodontal disease is the most prevalent oral condition of the worldwide population, with gingivitis afecting 50% to 90% of adults [2,3]. Gingivitis is the mildest type of periodontal disease. It is a localised infammation of the gum tissue (gingiva) caused by bacteria in the dental plaque, which is a microbial bioflm that forms on the teeth and the gingiva. Cultural studies have shown that there are more than 700 distinct microbial species that can be found in the dental plaque, although only a small group has been confrmed to contribute to the cause and progression of periodontal disease [3,4] Gingivitis, when lef untreated, can progress to periodontitis [3,5]. Unlike gingivitis, which is confned to the gingiva, periodontitis leads to the loss of connective tissues supporting or surrounding the teeth. Tis loss of gingiva, alveolar bone, and periodontal ligament creates deep “pockets”. When these deep periodontal pockets have formed and is flled with microbes, the condition becomes highly irreversible, and eventually may lead to loss of teeth [5]. Literature Research Search strategy A literature search with several restrictions was done electronically through the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, using search terms that have been summarised in (Table 1). Table 1. Number of results yielded by searching using keywords through three different databases. Database Search term(s) Number of results PubMed (local drug delivery system) AND periodontal disease 149 (local drug delivery system) AND “periodontal disease” 38 (local drug delivery system [Title/Abstract]) AND periodontal disease [Title/Abstract] 6 Science Direct local drug delivery system in treatment of periodontal disease 2,458 “local drug delivery system” AND “periodontal disease” 46 “local drug delivery system” AND “treatment of periodontal disease” 20 Google Scholar local drug delivery system in treatment of periodontal disease 58,600 “local drug delivery system” AND “periodontal disease” 807 “local drug delivery system” AND “treatment of periodontal disease” 321 Inclusion and exclusion criteria Te search was restricted to research articles written in English, and the search included studies from 1979 up to 2018, since 1979 was