~ 57 ~
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2017; 5(4): 57-62
E-ISSN: 2320-7078
P-ISSN: 2349-6800
JEZS 2017; 5(4): 57-62
© 2017 JEZS
Received: 10-05-2017
Accepted: 11-06-2017
Muhammad Asif Khan
Department of Plant Protection,
The University of Agriculture
Peshawar-Pakistan
Saeed Khan
Department of Plant Protection,
The University of Agriculture
Peshawar-Pakistan
Sajjad Ahmad
Department of Entomology,
The University of Agriculture
Peshawar-Pakistan
Imran Shinwari
Agriculture Research Station,
Orakzai FATA, Pakistan
Toheed Iqbal
Department of Entomology,
The University of Agriculture
Peshawar-Pakistan
Mirza Hassan,
Agriculture Research Station,
Orakzai FATA, Pakistan
Fahad Shah
Department of Entomology,
The University of Agriculture
Peshawar-Pakistan
Correspondence
Muhammad Asif Khan
Department of Plant Protection,
The University of Agriculture
Peshawar-Pakistan
Impact of various treatments against brinjal shoot
and fruit borer
Muhammad Asif Khan, Saeed Khan, Sajjad Ahmad, Imran Shinwari,
Toheed Iqbal, Mirza Hassan and Fahad Shah
Abstract
Brinjal (Solanum melongena) is one of the main vegetable of Pakistan. It is also known as an aubergine
belongs to Solanaceae family. The present study was conducted at Medicinal Garden, newly Developed
Malakandir Farm, University of Agriculture Peshawar-Pakistan during summer, 2015. Main plot was
divided into 24 sub-plots in which 15 plants of Brinjal variety Neelam were transplanted with 0.44m &
0.55m distance kept in plant to plant & row to row, respectively. The results showed that estimated high
yield (1641.41 kg ha
-1
) and less mean no. of infested shoots (4.43) and fruits (0.76) were recorded in
Cypermethrin + Neem oil + Physical control, followed by Cypermethrin + Neem oil (6.15, 1.13) and
Cypermethrin (7.28, 1.42). Similarly less yield (275.48 kg ha
-1
) and high mean no. of shoots and fruits
infestation, 12.2 & 2.94, respectively were recorded in Control, followed by Physical control measure
viz., 10.48 & 2.48 and in Neem oil recorded 9.44 & 2.19, respectively. Thus, the results revealed that T7
showed highly significant differences in management of L. orbonalis among all treatments by registering
high yield and less no. of infested shoots & fruits of brinjal.
Keywords: Brinjal, no. of infested shoots & fruits, Brinjal shoot & fruit borer, yield, botanical extract,
Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
1. Introduction
Brinjal (Solanum melongena) is one of the main vegetable of Pakistan and especially of
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It is also known as an aubergine belongs to Solanaceae family. It is
grown in all parts of the world. The Brinjal family comprises more than 95 genera and 2450
species
[11]
. Brinjal is one of the most delicious vegetable and fruit therefore it has been grown
fairly on a wide range throughout the world
[10]
. Brinjal comprises 92.7 per cent water, 1.1 per
cent proteins and 0.2 per cent carbohydrates. It also contains a rich of vitamin A and B
[19]
.
Brinjal is a source to produce antioxidants, vitamins, nutrients, dietary fiber, minerals, proteins
and factors that build the body
[14]
. A hundred grams comprise 12 mg calcium, 13 mg sodium,
0.7 mg iron, and 213 mg potassium
[16]
. The cultivation of Brinjal worldwide exceeded than
1,600,000 hectares and the production of yield was 50 million tons
[5]
. The Subcontinent of
Indo and Pak was concluded the land of Brinjal (Dunlop, 2006). The Brinjal cultivation in
Pakistan was 9,000 hectares while the yield production was 87,000 tons per annum
[6]
.
Brinjal crop flourishes in a warm seasonal area where 80 to 90 and 70 to 80 temperatures
existed in day and night respectively. It is an iron rich base nourishing summer crop. In
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa area under cultivation of this crop was 1033 hectares with the total
production 11982 tons with an average yield of 20831 kg/ha
[15]
. Brinjal crop is capable of
high yields in hot wet environment, high rainfall and high temperature among few vegetables
[7]
.
Brinjal crop can be attacked by different insect pests from planting till harvesting. Some of
them are Brinjal borer (Leucinodes. orbonalis), coccinelide beetle (E. vigintioctopunctata),
jassid (A. bigutulla), aphid (A. gossyppii) and white fly (B. tabaci)
[9]
. Leucinodes orbonalis is
one of the key insect pest of Brinjal crop
[8, 2, 17]
and is found throughout the world
[4]
.
Brinjal borer L. orbonalis Guenee was a serious insect pest. In autumn season damage to the
fruits are very severe and it is not common to see the whole of the crop destroyed by the
borers. Cotton whiteflies and mites also suck cell sap especially found on the underneath of the
leaves. They lower down the strength of the plant through loss of cell sap and inhibit
photosynthesis owing to the growth of sooty mold on the honeydews secreted by insects
[1]
.
Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer has turned into a harmful against Brinjal in all growing fields.