120 https://oamjms.eu/index.php/mjms/index Scientifc Foundation SPIROSKI, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2022 Jan 06; 10(B):120-123. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.7992 eISSN: 1857-9655 Category: B - Clinical Sciences Section: Endocrinology Risk Factors for Psychosocial Disorders in Children with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia during the COVID-19 Pandemic Muhammad Faizi , Nur Rochmah* , Irwanto Irwanto , Irma Soelistiyo , Yuni Hisbiyah , Rayi Kurnia Perwitasari Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia Abstract BACKGROUND: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a chronic disease that requires lifelong medical therapy; thus, it has become a psychosocial stressor associated with mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders in children and adolescents. The COVID-19 pandemic is also an additional stressor in addition to chronic physical illness, biological factors, cognitive factors, environment, age, parental education, parents’ occupations, and family income. AIM: Thus, in this study, we aim to analyze the risk factors for psychosocial disorders among children with CAH. METHODS: This research was a cross-sectional study conducted from January to April 2021 at the Pediatric Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital in Surabaya. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, and medical records and then analyzed through univariate and bivariate analyzes using Chi-square test (Fisher’s exact test). RESULTS: In total, 30 children were enrolled in this study, among which 8 (26.7%) had emotional disorders, 5 (16.7%) had behavioral disorders, and most (83.3%) did not have hyperactivity/attention disorders. It was found that 8 children (26.7%) had problems with peer relationships, whereas most (83.3%) did not experience prosocial disorders. Family income (p = 0.032, CI = 95%) and hyperactivity (p = 0.019, CI = 95%) were found to be signifcantly correlated to conduct problems. CONCLUSIONS: Family income, behavioral disorders, and hyperactivity/attention disorders were identifed as risk factors for psychosocial disorders in children with CAH during the COVID-19 pandemic. Edited by: Ksenija Bogoeva-Kostovska Citation: Faizi M, Rochmah N, Irwanto I, Soelistiyo I, Hisbiyah Y, Perwitasari RK. Risk Factors for Psychosocial Disorders in Children with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2022 Jan 06; 10(B):120-123. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.7992 Keywords: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia; Risk factor; psychosocial disorders, Children; COVID-19 pandemic *Correspondence: Nur Rochmah, Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. E-mail: nur-r@fk.unair.ac.id Received: 17-Nov-2021 Revised: 09-Dec-2021 Accepted: 27-Dec-2021 Copyright: © 2022 Muhammad Faizi, Nur Rochmah, Irwanto Irwanto, Irma Soelistiyo, Yuni Hisbiyah, Rayi Kurnia Perwitasari Funding: This study was supported by the Director of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist Open Access: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) Introduction Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a chronic disease that requires lifelong medical therapy; it can possibly cause psychosocial problems such as cognitive disorders, behavioral problems, depressive tendencies, somatic disorders, and attention disorders [1], [2]. Psychosocial problems in children and adolescents are deemed to be quite serious because they negatively impact their development, productivity, and quality of life [3]. In addition to chronic physical illness, psychosocial problems in children and adolescents are also infuenced by biological/physical factors, cognitive factors, environment, parental age, parental education, parental occupation, and family income [4]. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there are massive restrictions on social activities, such as schools being conducted online from home. There is limited access to health services and disruption of medicine distribution, thus making it difcult to visit the hospital and take medication regularly. All of these are additional stressors that may worsen psychosocial disorders in children with chronic diseases such as CAH [5]. Therefore, in this study, we aim to determine the risk factors for psychosocial disorders in children with CAH during the COVID-19 pandemic. Early detection and intervention for these risk factors have been determined to help prevent psychosocial disorders. Materials and Methods The study population included pediatric patients who had previously been diagnosed with CAH and underwent outpatient treatment at the Pediatric Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic from January 1 to April 30, 2021. The sampling method used was simple random sampling. Sample size was calculated using Rosner with α of 5% [6]. The questionnaire used was strength and difculties