Manufacturing Science and Technology 5(2): 17-21, 2018 http://www.hrpub.org
DOI: 10.13189/mst.2018.050201
Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Wood Particles
Reinforced Polymer Composites
H. V. Divya
1,*
, H. M. Kavya
2
, D. Saravana Bavan
2
, B. Yogesha
1
1
Malnad College of Engineering, Hassan, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
2
Dayananda Sagar University, India
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the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License
Abstract Natural fiber composites are more attractive
due to their high specific strength and lightweight. The
focus in this work has been to study the influence of wood
fibres on the mechanical properties of the polymer
composites manufactured by extrusion and injection
moulding process. Tensile and flexural tests were
conducted to evaluate the tensile and flexural properties of
the compounded composites. The interfacial properties,
internal cracks are evaluated by using Scanning Electron
Microscope. The results indicate flexural strength of the
wood plastic composites increases with decrease in wood
particles content. The tensile strength of pure plastic blend
is higher compared to wood plastic composites.
Keywords Polypropylene, High Density Polyethylene,
Injection Moulding, Mechanical Properties
1. Introduction
Polymer composites are the class of composite materials
for structural applications. Polymer composites are often
used as the substitute for the metal based ones in the
mechanical industries [1]. They are used in the penal of
solar boards, automobile accessories, polymer gears, body
of modern cars, sports ratchets etc. [2]. Natural fibre
reinforced polymer based composite materials are new
class of engineering materials. The development of natural
fiber composite materials has been a hot topic recently due
to the increasing environmental awareness. Natural fibers
are one such proficient material which replaces the
synthetic materials and its related products for the light
weight and high strength applications. The advantages of
natural fiber composites include lightweight, low- energy
production, and environmental friendly [3]. The use of
natural fibers reduces weight by 10% and lowers the
energy needed for production by 80%, while the cost of the
component is 5% lower than the comparable fiber
glass-reinforced component [4]. Interest in this area is
rapidly growing both in terms of their industrial
applications and fundamental research as they are
renewable, cheap, completely or partially recyclable, and
biodegradable [5]. The application of natural fiber
reinforced polymer composites and natural-based resins for
replacing existing synthetic polymer or glass fiber
reinforced materials in huge [6]. In the plastic-based
composites, the polymers, thermoplastics, act as a matrix
and flour of wood or other natural flour are reinforcement
[7].
Wood–plastic composite (WPC) is a very promising and
sustainable green material to achieve durability without
using toxic chemicals. The term WPCs refers to any
composites that contain plant fiber and thermosets or
thermoplastics. In comparison to other fibrous materials,
plant fibers are in general suitable to reinforce plastics due
to relative high strength and stiffness, low cost, low density,
low CO2 emission, biodegradability and annually
renewable [8]. Nicole M. Stark. et.al, studied that
Commercial wood flour, the most common wood-derived
filler for thermoplastics, is produced in a mixture of
particle sizes and generally has a lower aspect ratio than
wood and other natural fibers. To understand how wood
flour and fiber characteristics influence the mechanical
properties of polypropylene composites, we first
investigated the effect of different sizes of wood flour
particles on the mechanical properties of wood-flour-filled
polypropylene composites [9]. Qiangyuan.et.al, studied the
properties of wood plastic composite (WPC). WPC with
high modulus and impact strength were manufactured by
combining polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP) with
wood fiber (WF) using twin-screw extruder techniques.
The advantage of using low melt viscosity polymer
matrices is that it enhances the modulus and reduces the
overall viscosity of the system. SEM analysis of the
composites indicates that the polymer molecules penetrate
into the vessels and cracks of the cellulose fiber, which
decreases the number of voids and produces a higher