Architecture Engineering and Science 14 | Sahil Ali Khan, et al. An Analysis of Smoke Management in High Rise Buildings Sahil Ali Khan 1 , Mohammad Arif Kamal 2,* 1 Department of Architecture, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India 2,* Architecture Section, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India DOI: 10.32629/aes.v3i1.656 Abstract: The concept of the fre-resistant building is promptly discussed while designing and incorporation mechanical systems into the building, while smoke management is deeply forgotten in the initial stages and even in later stages of equipment installation. Although, it is a well-established fact that smoke is more dangerous to life and life-taking than a fre during a fre in a building. In this study, active and passive methods like a smoke purge, pressurization control, smoke reservoirs, etc. of creating a building smoke proof are discussed. Also, factors infuencing these active and passive mea- sures like buoyancy, stack effect, etc. are discussed, and how to calculate the implication of these factors are assessed. The design guideline from different codes like NFPA 92, NFPA 92A, NZBC C3/AS 1530.4, BS 476 part 24, ISO 5925/1, design of smoke management systems for buildings published by ASHRAE, are reviewed for smoke management, and analysis of most relevant and new research in the feld of smoke management systems that demonstrates signifcant evolution in the feld. The idea of the smoke-resistant building can be easily achieved if incorporated in the early stages of design, even if applied with proper technique and equipment can also be achieved in later stages. Keywords: smoke management, smoke purge, pressurization control, buoyancy, stack effect 1. Introduction When a substance undergoes combustion or pyrolysis gases emitted, smoke is a collection of flying solid and liquid particles and those gases, as well as the amount of air entrained or otherwise mixed into the mass. Although, smoke manage- ment is a term used interchangeably with smoke control to define the use of active or passive means to minimize and control smoke movement within a building in the event of a fire (Kulkarni and Agashe, 2016). Life safety, lower risk evacuation route, lower smoke migration to additional building spaces, property protection, aid in fire department operations, and post- fire clean-ups are all goals of smoke control systems (NFPA ® 92A, n.d.). 2. Smoke management During developing a smoke management system, the smoke management system can be properly designed only with agreement on the objectives of the system (Klote et al., 2002). The smoke management system must be built as a comprehen- sive mechanical control system capable of operating successfully in the smoke management mode (Ferreira & Strege, 2005). The smoke management system should be built separately from the HVAC system and then incorporated, when possible, without impacting the smoke control system's functionality. The smoke control system must be efficient, simple, and easy to maintain (XLS1000 Smoke Management Application Manual P/N 74-3118 • Rev 2.0 • 04APR03, 2003). The smoke control system must be built to reduce the chances of failure and must be tested regularly. Sensors that provide operational status and building automation controllers that provide system monitoring and printed records can help with the testing process. 2.1 Importance of smoke ventilation Smoke ventilation is considered an important part that shall be implemented in the designing phase of the building as this improves the conditions for safe passage and permits the fire to be fought in its early stages. Smoke ventilation creates a smoke-free layer above the floor by removing smoke or by moving smoke towards the ceiling which shall create enough height for safe passage. In high-rise buildings atrium is also considered to be one of the best options for smoke ventilation. 2.2 Factors affecting smoke management Smoke management is based on two processes production of smoke and movement of smoke if the understanding of factors involved in these processes is created then it will be easier to handle the smoke management of a high-rise building through active and passive measures. Factors involves in the production of smoke are the size of the fire, nature of the ma- terial under combustion, smoke temperature, air entrainment, the effective height of the column of hot gases above the fire (Klote et al., 2002) which can be related to the equation: