Gezgin et al., J Obes Weight Loss Ther 2016, 6:1 DOI: 10.4172/2165-7904.1000294 Volume 6 • Issue 1 • 1000294 J Obes Weight Loss Ther ISSN: 2165-7904 JOWT, an open access journal Open Access Research Article Sleeve Gastrectomy Ameliorates Mrna Expression of Matrix Metalloprotease I, III, V, IL-1a and IL-6 Genes in Substantia Nigra Tissues of Obese Rats Inan Gezgin*, Cem Ozic, Can Hakan Yıldırım, Kemal Kilic, Yusuf Ehi and Miktat Kaya Department of Neurosurgery, Private Park Hospital, Adıyaman, Turkey Abstract Aim: To reveal metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3, MMP-5, interleukin (IL)-1a and IL-6 gene expressions in substantia nigra region of brain in rats which undergone sleeve gastrectomy (SG) surgery. Methods: Rats were allocated into three groups in random, which were normal rats (Group I) (n=14), obese rats (Group II) (n=14), and obese rats subjected to SG (Group III) (n=14). MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-5, IL-1a and IL-6 gene expressions were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT- qPCR). Results: When normal (Group I), and obese (Group II) rats were compared, a decrease in expressions of MMP- 3 and IL-6 genes was observed in Group II. When obese rats (Group II) and obese rats subjected to SG (Group III) were compared, increases in the expressions of MMP-3 and IL-6 genes were observed in Group III. This phenomenon demonstrates that SG decreases obesity and consequently increases expressions of MMP-3 and IL-6 genes. Conclusion: These data show alterations of MMP-3 and IL-6 genes in the substantia nigra tissue of obese rats, consistent with the possibility that these changes may contribute to disease molecular background. *Corresponding author: Inan Gezgin, Department of Neurosurgery, Private Park Hospital, Adıyaman, Turkey, Tel: 416 7255066; Fax: 7256502; E-mail: drigezgin1978@ hotmail.com Received December 05, 2015; Accepted January 12, 2016; Published January 15, 2016 Citation: Gezgin I, Ozic C, Yıldırım CH, Kilic K, Ehi Y, et al. (2016) Sleeve Gastrectomy Ameliorates Mrna Expression of Matrix Metalloprotease I, III, V, IL-1a and IL-6 Genes in Substantia Nigra Tissues of Obese Rats. J Obes Weight Loss Ther 6: 294. doi:10.4172/2165-7904.1000294 Copyright: © 2016 Gezgin I, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Keywords: Obesity; Sleeve gastrectomy; Substantia nigra; Gene expressions Introduction Obesity and its comorbidities have become an important community health problem worldwide [1]. Recent literature revealed that adipocytes not only store fat, but are also an endocrine organ which releases a variety of mediators [2]. Tese mediators may manipulate, circulating lipid levels, blood pressure, and insulin resistance [2]. Common co-morbidities related with obesity, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance are associated with increased cardiovascular and renal disease, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality [1,2]. A growing body of evidence about the function of adipocytes reveals that they play a key role in infammatory processes [2]. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is a restrictive procedure that not only results in lasting weight loss but also improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance before any signifcant weight loss has arised [3]. However, it is unclear whether SG has afects in the central nervous system. Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of Zn 2+ -endopeptidases which are classifed by their ability to absorb elements of the extracellular matrix [4]. MMPs are produced mainly by neurons, microglia and astrocytes [5]. Terefore, excessive expression of MMPs may result in neuronal damage. Accumulating evidence indicates that MMPs are participated in a variety of diseases such as bacterial meningitis, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases [6]. Regardless of the increasing data that MMPs take part in the pathology of obesity, available data on the tissular and cellular expression of the proteins is less detailed [7-9]. Here we aimed to reveal the changes in MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-5, interleukin (IL)-1a and IL-6 gene expressions, as determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in substantia nigra region of brain in rats which undergone SG surgery. Materials and Methods Experimental design All animal studies were carried out with the approval of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Animals were housed at constant temperature (20-22 o C) and humidity (50-60%) with a 12-h light and 12-h dark cycle. Tey were allowed free access to water and standard rat chow. Rats were allocated into three groups in random, which were normal rats (Group I) (n=14), obese rats (Group II) (n=14), and obese rats subjected to SG (Group III) (n=14). Obese rats were fed with a high-fat diet containing 40% additional fat to the diet. One of the limitations of this study is the short follow up of 8 weeks. Surgical (sleeve gastrectomy) procedure Afer overnight fasting, rats in the sleeve group were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of 300 mg/kg chloral hydrate and placed in a supine position on a surgical board with the extremities immobilized. A sinister epigastric incision was used for the operation. Te length was about 1.5-2 cm in total. Te incision was kept open with a blade retractor and dissociates gastric omentum to disclose gastric cardium. Te gastric cavity was closed with vascular clamps, and then gastric cavity and hemostating were cut of with a cauterizer. A gastric tube was created with 8-0 unabsorbable suture from the distal antrum (1.5-2 mm from the pylorus) to the Hiss angle. Te fundus was completely removed (70-80% of total stomach). Afer the gastric tube was rebuilt, the peritoneal cavity was cleaned with saline, and then closed with 6-0 silk suture. J o u r n a l o f O be s i t y & W e i g h t L o s s T h e r a p y ISSN: 2165-7904 Journal of Obesity & Weight Loss Therapy