Annual Review of Environment and Resources 1.5 ◦ C Hotspots: Climate Hazards, Vulnerabilities, and Impacts Carl-Friedrich Schleussner, 1,2,3 Delphine Deryng, 1 Sarah D’haen, 1 William Hare, 1 Tabea Lissner, 1 Mouhamed Ly, 1,4 Alexander Nauels, 1,5 Melinda Noblet, 1 Peter Pfleiderer, 1,2,3 Patrick Pringle, 1 Martin Rokitzki, 1 Fahad Saeed, 1,2,6 Michiel Schaeffer, 1,7 Olivia Serdeczny, 1,3 and Adelle Thomas 1,8 1 Climate Analytics, 10961 Berlin, Germany; email: carl.schleussner@climateanalytics.org 2 Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany 3 IRITHESys, Humboldt University, 10117 Berlin, Germany 4 LPAOSF/ESP, Cheikh Anta Diop University, 5085 Dakar-Fann, Senegal 5 Australian-German Climate & Energy College, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia 6 Center for Excellence in Climate Change Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia 7 Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research Centre, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands 8 Environmental and Life Sciences, University of The Bahamas, Nassau 76905, The Bahamas Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 2018. 43:135–63 The Annual Review of Environment and Resources is online at environ.annualreviews.org https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ- 102017-025835 Copyright c  2018 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved Keywords 1.5 ◦ C, vulnerability, sea level rise, extreme weather events, small islands, hotspots Abstract Differentiating the impacts of climate change between 1.5 ◦ C and 2 ◦ C re- quires a regional and sector-specific perspective. Whereas for some regions and sectors the difference in climate variables might be indistinguishable from natural variability, other areas especially in the tropics and subtrop- ics will experience significant shifts. In addition to region-specific changes in climatic conditions, vulnerability and exposure also differ substantially across the world. Even small differences in climate hazards can translate into 135 Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 2018.43:135-163. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org Access provided by 44.200.83.50 on 02/24/22. For personal use only.