Identifying Quality Factors for Self-Tracking Solutions: A Systematic Literature Review Barbara Schiller University of Duisburg-Essen barbara.schiller@uni-due.de Tobias Brogt University of Duisburg-Essen tobias.brogt@uni-due.de J. Peter M. Schuler University of Duisburg-Essen j.peter.m.schuler@uni-due.de Gero Strobel University of Duisburg-Essen gero.strobel@uni-due.de Stefan Eicker University of Duisburg-Essen stefan.eicker@uni-due.de Abstract Self-tracking solutions have become globally widespread, as they promise numerous advantages (e.g. improving health) to their users. Despite their benefits, such solutions are often abandoned due to quality issues. This phenomenon can also be observed for digitized products in general. As self-tracking solutions are hybrid products, combining digital and physical components, traditional domain-independent and abstract quality models like the prominent ISO 25000 standard seem to not cover quality in an appropriate way. We address these issues by answering the research question of which factors affect quality perceptions of different stakeholder groups when interacting in a wearable ecosystem. We use a systematic literature review based on a research protocol to identify and analyze 98 quality-influencing factors from 19 studies that we cluster in a map. The identified factors are compared to the ISO 25000 standard, showing that certain factors like hedonic motivation are unconsidered thoroughly in the existing standard. 1. Introduction Self-tracking, also known as the notion of the quantified-self, lifelogging, or, in its extreme form, self- hacking [13], has become globally widespread, as it promises users the ability to improve their health, become more athletic, and change their behavior [38]. Self-trackers use multi-sensor devices (e.g., wearables, smartphones) and corresponding software (e.g., mobile applications, web platforms) to track a variety of exercise and health parameters, such as calories, water consumption, blood pressure, steps, and sleep time. In fact, self-trackers “track up to 39 parameters of their daily life” [16] to reach goals, document and analyze data, or collect rewards [39]. For this purpose, some self-trackers use multiple self-tracking solutions simultaneously, favoring wearable solutions (e.g., wristband fitness trackers) over smartphones with tracking capabilities to reduce the possibilities of forgetting, losing, or even damaging an expensive smartphone while exercising [38, 39]. However, despite their potential benefits, many people use their tracking devices for a short time only before neglecting them [38, 41]. As self-tracking solutions are used by a heterogeneous community (different genders, ages, and health and fitness conditions) [16, 39], the abandonment seems to be related to issues with the products rather than an overall lack of appeal to certain demographics. Many factors have already been identified as challenges, such as physical design issues [41], privacy concerns, a lack of technical customer support, functional constraints [3], interoperability issues, and low usability [9]. However, these challenges are not specific to self-tracking solutions, but are also characteristics of digitized products in general [32]. A product’s ability to satisfy customer needs and expectations through functionality and performance, as well as the perceived value and benefits of an organization’s products and services, is traditionally captured by the concept of quality [10]. The International Standard ISO 25000 for Systems and Software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) differentiates between and proposes models for software and system product quality, quality in use, data quality [22], and IT service quality [23]. However, self-tracking solutions differ in important characteristics from traditional software products or IT services, making the application of the standard questionable. In accordance with the similar concepts of digitized products, the Internet of Things (IoT), smart, connected products (SCP) and Ubiquitous Computing [35, 44], self-tracking solutions are hybrid products, combining Proceedings of the 53rd Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences | 2020 Page 3690 URI: https://hdl.handle.net/10125/64194 978-0-9981331-3-3 (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)