Hind Hadi and Wasan Al Uzri , Int. J. Res. Pharm. Sci., 2020,11(3), 3972-3980
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN
PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
Published by JK Welfare & Pharmascope Foundation Journal Home Page: www.pharmascope.org/ijrps
Cloud point extraction method for the sensitive determination of
metoclopramide hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage forms
Wasan A. Al-Uzri, Hind Hadi
*
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Article History:
Received on: 05 Jan 2020
Revised on: 11 feb 2020
Accepted on: 05 Mar 2020
Keywords:
Cloud point extraction,
Triton X-114,
metoclopramide,
p-coumaric acid,
diazotization coupling
reaction
ABSTRACT
In this work, a simple and very sensitive cloud point extraction (CPE) pro-
cess was developed for the determination of trace amount of metoclopramide
hydrochloride (MTH) in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method is based
on the extraction of the azo-dye results from the coupling reaction of diazo-
tized MTH with p-coumaric acid (p-CA) using nonionic surfactant (Triton X-
114). The extracted azo-dye in the surfactant rich phase was dissolved in
ethanol and detected spectrophotometrically at λ
max
480 nm. The reaction
was studied using both batch and CPE methods (with and without extraction)
and a simple comparison between the two methods was performed. The con-
ditions that may be affected by the extraction process and the sensitivity of
methods were carefully studied. Using optimal conditions, the linearity of
calibration curves was in the range of 0.4-13 and 0.05-4 μg/mL and limits
of detection of 0.044 and 0.028 μg/mL of MTH for batch and CPE methods
respectively. Average recoveries for samples were detected to be between 97-
101 %for both methods, with the relative standard deviation (RSD %) best
than 2.7 % and 4.5 % for both methods, respectively. The suggested meth-
ods were applied successfully for assay of MTH in commercial pharmaceutical
tablets.
*
Corresponding Author
Name: Hind Hadi
Phone:
Email: hindhadi13@yahoo.com
ISSN: 0975-7538
DOI: https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i3.2589
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INTRODUCTION
Metoclopramide hydrochloride (MTH), chemically
named, 4-amino-5-chloro-N-(2-diethylaminoethyl)-
2-methoxybenzamide monohydrochloride monohy-
drate, is a dopamine-receptor antagonist (British
Pharmacopoeia, 2001). MTH is usually used as an
anti-emetic and in treatment of diabetic gastric sta-
sis, which causes symptoms, for instance, nausea,
heartburn, decreased appetite, vomiting, and pro-
longed fullness after eating. It is also used for its
prokinetic and antiemetic properties in disorders
of decreased gastrointestinal motility (Mycek et al.,
2000). The literature reported different methods
for determination of MTH using different techniques
involving spectroϑluorimetry (Attia and Aboaly,
2010), spectrophotometry (Bilici et al., 2020),
colorimetry using oxygenated graphene quantum
dots (Seϑidan and Eskandari, 2019) , LC-ESI-MS (Yan
et al., 2010), Flow injection spectrometry (Jia
et al., 2010; Al-Arfaj, 2004), ultra-performance liq-
uid chromatography (Sowjanya et al., 2013), voltam-
metry ((Farghaly et al., 2005), and potentiome-
try (Faridbod et al., 2009). Most of the previously
reported methods are sensitive but required expen-
sive instrumental set up and time-consuming. In
contrast, the spectrophotometric technique is still
the technique of choice due to its cost-effectiveness
and simplicity. MTH was determined using sev-
eral spectrophotometric methods based on differ-
3972 © International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences