Energy-Efficient Hierarchical Cluster Based Routing Algorithm In Wsn: A Survey Amit Bhattacharjee 1 , Balagopal Bhallamudi 2 and Zahid Maqbool 3 1 International Institute of Information Technology, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, INDIA 2 International Institute of Information Technology, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, INDIA 3 International Institute of Information Technology, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, INDIA Abstract Recent technological advances in communications and computation have enabled the development of low-cost, low-power, small in size, and multifunctional sensor nodes in a wireless sensor network. One of the important issues in wireless sensor network is the inherent limited battery power within network sensor nodes. Therefore, battery power is crucial parameter in the algorithm design to increase lifespan of nodes in the network. Much research has been done in recent years, investigating different aspects like, low power protocols, network establishments, routing protocol, and coverage problems of wireless sensor networks. In this paper, the focus is mainly on energy-efficient hierarchical cluster-based protocols in Wireless Sensor Network, emphasizing on various clustering techniques and routing techniques, Challenges involved in cluster-based routings. Over the period of time many cluster algorithms have been developed like LEACH [2], PEGASIS [3], TEEN[4], APTEEN [5], HEED [6] etc, based on these legacy algorithms on clustering and routing algorithms many new algorithms are developed. This paper is an analysis of recent algorithms those are developed above mentioned ones. The algorithms include energy efficient clustering techniques and routing techniques as well. The paper concludes with possible future research areas under the domain of hierarchical clustering and routing techniques . Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks, Cluster Head (CH), Cluster-based routing, Hierarchical clustering, Base Station (BS). 1. Introduction Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of small nodes with sensing, computation, and wireless communications capabilities. The sensor node has four basic components: sensing unit, processing unit, radio unit, and power unit, with their capabilities for monitoring and control, one of the main applications of sensor network is to periodically gather data from a remote terrain where each node continually senses the environment and sends back the data to the Base Station (BS) for further analysis. The most restrictive factor in the life-time of wireless sensor network is limited energy resource of the deployed sensor nodes. A number of routing protocols have been proposed WSN must take the issue of energy efficiency into consideration. Protocol should take care of self-configuration, fault tolerance, delay, etc. Another important criterion in the design of a sensor network is data delivery time since it is critical. Many routing, protocol concerning power management, and data dissemination techniques have been specifically designed for WSNs where energy awareness is an essential design issue. At the network layer, it is highly desirable to find methods for energy-efficient route discovery and relaying of data from the sensor nodes to the BS so that the lifetime of the network is maximized. Since operation of the sensor networks is un- attended. In WSNs, sometimes getting the data i s more imp ortant than knowing the IDs of which nodes sending the data. D esign requirements of a sensor network change with application. For 302 International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 2 Issue 5, May - 2013 ISSN: 2278-0181 www.ijert.org