Abstract—The Internet of Things (IoT) and the world of Smart Systems are ushering in an era where people, machines, devices (e.g. sensors) and processes are all interconnected and able to interact seamlessly with one another. Business and IT leaders predict they will see an increase of more than one-third (33%) in revenues from the use of smart technologies over the next five years. Smart system is the future of technology with so many different applications to it. We present in this project a system developed for a more convenient outdoor navigation. It involves the development of a power harnessing smart shoe to aid navigation and reduce the dependency of individuals on maps i.e. the need to constantly look at the maps for direction rather than focusing on the road. The project uses the Arduino UNO microcontroller as the brain box of the designed system. The microcontroller was programed to achieve the various tasks needed in this project. The smart shoe is fitted with piezo- electric crystals which are pressure sensors generating the power required for the system, a Bluetooth module to interface with the mobile application which was programmed specifically for the shoe, and also vibrator motors which act as the output signal that is felt by the user to help inform them which way to turn. This project proffers solutions to the setbacks in navigation of the user with accuracy and focus. Index Terms—Arduino UNO, IoT, Navigation, Sensors, Cyber-physical Systems (CPS) I. INTRODUCTION HE word “smart” is not a new word in the 21st century – it is a word used to describe a system created to reduce the effort of human labour to the bare minimum. For example, a smart phone which has made human interaction over several kilometers seem so simple, with various interacting applications in it. These kind of systems are referred to as Cyber-physical systems [1]. Footwear is an irreplaceable part of human life across the globe. While the initial necessity was purely to protect the feet, they have also become a symbol of style and personality. Footwear acts as Manuscript received July 16, 2017. This work was supported in part by Covenant University Center for Research, Innovation and Discovery (CUCRID), Covenant University, Ogun State, Nigeria. Oluwadamilola Oshin is with the Dept. of Electrical and Information Engineering, Covenant University, Ogun State, Nigeria (phone: +2347087907028; e-mail: damilola.adu@covenantuniversity.edu,ng). Simisola Sobowale is with the Deptartment of Electrical and Information Engineering, Covenant University, Ogun State, Nigeria (e- mail: simisola.sobowale@gmail.com). Oluyinka Oni is with the Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Covenant University, Ogun State, Nigeria (e-mail: oluyinka.oni@covenantuniversity.edu.ng). the interface between the ground and the wearer’s foot [2]. Smart shoe is a technology in which the shoe or its insoles are connected to a smartphone application that uses Google maps, and then vibrate to tell users when and where to turn to reach their destination [3]. Navigation Systems (GPS) was originally developed as a military navigation tool. However the technology has grown along with a sub set of supporting technologies to serve other requirements. The principle behind GPS is very simple- it works by providing a set of geographical coordinates such as a place’s latitude, longitude and elevation on Earth. The GPS device also gives out very accurate time. The basic functionality of GPS technology is limited to receiving satellite signals and calculating position information. Once a user is located through GPS, the location can be identified on a map. This is useful for tasks like locating a unit, finding a route from point A to B or selecting a suitable route in real time. We have gotten to the age where navigation has been made very easy with the use of our smart phones coupled up with some applications which can lead you exactly where you want to go in real- time [4]. Pedestrian Navigation consists in the navigation of pedestrians usually in urban environments. Pedestrian Navigation often offers pedestrian specific maps and multimodal navigation [5]. This project would incorporate that feature into it but adding a twist into the idea and implementing it into a shoe, this shoe would work with vibration motors embedded there in to give the user directions based on the location the user puts into the app on the phone. Piezoelectric Effect is the ability of certain materials to generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress. The word Piezoelectric is derived from the Greek “piezein”, which means to squeeze or press, and piezo, which is Greek for “push” [6]. Conversely, a mechanical deformation (the substance shrinks or expands) is produced when an electric field is applied. This effect is formed in crystals that have no center of symmetry [7]. When piezoelectric material is placed under mechanical stress, a shifting of the positive and negative charge centers in the material takes place, which then results in an external electrical field [6]. In this project we present a method for harnessing power from the movement of the feet using piezoelectric crystals to charge up the shoe. When a person walks, he loses energy to the road surface in the form of impact, vibration, and sound, Aderemi Atayero is with the Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Covenant University, Ogun State, Nigeria (e-mail: atayero@covenantuniversity.edu.ng). Development of a Power-harnessing Smart Shoe System with Outdoor Navigation Oluwadamilola Oshin, Simisola Sobowale, Oluyinka Oni and Aderemi Atayero Members, IAENG T Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2017 Vol I WCECS 2017, October 25-27, 2017, San Francisco, USA ISBN: 978-988-14047-5-6 ISSN: 2078-0958 (Print); ISSN: 2078-0966 (Online) WCECS 2017