190 Copyright © 2022, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. Chapter 11 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-9609-8.ch011 ABSTRACT In this chapter, the authors analyse the Chinese social credit system and its impact and implementation on Western democratic systems to address the challenges posed by terrorist threats and social tensions. The case around which this chapter is structured is the Chinese social credit, projected in a short pe- riod of time to other countries. This analysis focuses on the motivations that lead China to develop and implement this system and the type of policies pursued around social credit. The authors also analyse the tools on which it is based and the debate that the implementation of a system of population control of these dimensions brings about. INTRODUCTION Nowadays, issues such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), facial recognition and Big Data have become part of our everyday vocabulary and are something we only knew about in science fiction films and books, but once again we are witnessing that reality exceeds the limits of imagination. In this chapter we will look at the control, in terms of security, through the use of AI systems, of populations by states. It is a phenomenon coeval with the rise of the 4.0 revolution, which contributes to understanding the chang- ing environment, motivated, among other factors, by technological development and the new ethical paradigms built around IA. The Role of AI in a Security and Population Control System: Chinese Social Credit System Miguel Madueño Rey Juan Carlos University, Spain Luis Illanas Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Spain