22 AN INTERNATIONAL MOBILE SECURITY STANDARD DISPUTE: From the Actor-Network Perspective Shirley Chan University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Heejin Lee University of Melbourne Melbourne, Australia Sangjo Oh Dongyang Technical College Seoul, Korea Abstract In 2004 there was a trade and technology dispute of significance between China and the United States surrounding a mobile security standard called WAPI (Wireless LAN Authentication and Privacy Infrastructure). Using the remarkable size of its domestic market as a lever, China is challenging some existing or being-shaped standards to set its own standards not only within its own territory but also potentially in the world markets. WAPI is another example in a series of these attempts. Using the actor-network theory, we investigate the process of mobile standards setting in the international context where superpowers like China and the United States compete. Keywords Standards, actor-network theory, China, WAPI, WiFi 1 INTRODUCTION In 2004 there was a trade dispute of significance between China and the United States. The Chinese government announced in November 2003 that its own wireless security protocol known as WAPI (Wireless LAN Authentication and Privacy