ACADEMIA Letters
Economics of Culture: Financial Rewards and the
Enduring Practices of Female Genital Mutilation in
Nigeria
Omowumi Idowu, Department of Economics, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti
Nigeria
(A) Introduction/Background Information
Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is a longstanding harmful traditional practice in many
African countries borne out of enduring cultural beliefs that have existed for generations
(UNICEF, 2001). Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) otherwise known as female genital cut-
ting or female circumcision is explained to include all procedures that involve partial or total
removal of the female external genital or other injury to the female genital organs for non-
medical reason (World Health Organization, 2012). For example, in Egpyt and Ethiopia about
27.2 million and 23.8 million of women and girls have undergone FGM respectively, while
Nigeria ranks third with 19.9 millions, which is equivalent to 27 percent of its female popula-
tion and about one quarter of the estimated 115 – 130 million circumcised women and girls in
the world (UNICEF, 2001: 2013). In Nigeria, FGM is most prevalent among the Yoruba eth-
nic group in the Southwestern Nigeria ranging from 77 percent in Osun State to 72.3 percent
of total female population in Ekiti State (The Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey, 2013;
NPC Nigeria and ICF International, 2014). The prevalent of FGM has been linked to cultural
belief that circumcision is good for the girl child across diferent African societies (Horowitz
and Jackson, 1997).
There have been several debates against Female Genital Mutilation both internationally
and locally, including the ratifcations of CEDAW resolution in 1993, the national baseline
Academia Letters, February 2022
Corresponding Author: Omowumi Idowu, omowumi.idowu@eksu.edu.ng
Citation: Idowu, O. (2022). Economics of Culture: Financial Rewards and the Enduring Practices of Female
Genital Mutilation in Nigeria. Academia Letters, Article 4872. https://doi.org/10.20935/AL4872.
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©2022 by the author — Open Access — Distributed under CC BY 4.0