JOURNAL OF TROPICAL LIFE SCIENCE 2019, Vol. 9, No. 1, 43 – 51 http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/jtls.09.01.07 How to cite: Andila PS, Tirta IG (2019) Distribution and Phytocomponent in the Ethanol Extract of Globba candida Gagnep. (Zingiberaceae) by GC-MS Analysis. Journal of Tropical Life Science 9 (1): 43 – 51. doi: 10.11594/jtls.09.01.07 Research Article Distribution and Phytocomponent in the Ethanol Extract of Globba candida Gagnep. (Zingiberaceae) by GC-MS Analysis Putri Sri Andila *, I Gede Tirta Eka Karya Botanical Garden, Indonesian Institute of Science, Tabanan 82191, Indonesia Article history: Submission September 2018 Revised September 2018 Accepted September 2018 ABSTRACT Globba is the third largest genera in the Zingiberaceae family, distributed in trop- ical and sub-tropical regions with the center of biodiversity in Southeast Asia. The study about phytochemical contents Globba is an interesting especially Globba candida Gapnep which have been never reported. The aims of this study were to observe distribution and phytochemical compounds of ethanol extract of G. can- dida Gapnep. found on Bali Island. Hydrodistillation was used to determine the presence of its essential oil and a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC- MS) was used to carry out the phytochemical analysis of the essential oil and eth- anol extracts of G. candida Gapne. The phytochemical analysis of the rhizomes and leaves ethanol extracts of G. candida Gapnep revealed 36 and 8 identified chemical compounds representing 85,82% and 85,47% of the total analyzed ex- tracts. However, there was no essential oil constituent found in G. candida Gap- nep. The main compounds of the rhizome extract of G. candida Gapnep were levoglucosan 19.07%, allylhydrazone acetaldehyde 5.52%, trans-2,3-epoxybutane 6.30%, butan-3-enoic acid methyl ester 4.36%, 2-methylcyclopentanone 4.02%, and 2-n-propyl-oxetan 4.00%. While the dominant contents of the leaves extract of G. candida Gapnep were pinostrobin chalcone 75.63%. Keywords: Globba candida Gapnep, GC-MS, ethanol extract, chemical com- pounds, essential oil *Corresponding author: E-mail: putribot11@gmail.com Introduction Zingiberaceae commonly known as ginger is an aromatic plant, perennial herbs consisting of more than 1,300 species and 52 genera with the tuberous rhizomes and creeping horizontal, dis- tributed from tropical Asia, Africa and America [1]. Among them, the distribution of ginger pre- dominantly was found in tropical Asia with ap- proximately about 1000 species occur in this area. Traditionally, Ginger has been used by people around the world for various purpose as food, tra- ditional medicine, spice, condiment, dye and fla- vor [2]. Ethnobotany study about medicinal plants in the Buyan-Tamblingan Lake area, Bedugul, Bali revealed that Zingiberaceae was the largest family used by the local people as a traditional medicine, among other as antitoxin of scorpion, treatment for body warmer, anti-inflammatory, rheumatism, skin diseases, fever, weak heart, and painkiller [3]. In Ayurveda (a system of traditional medicine with historical roots in India), ginger was used for many kinds of treatment, as anti-in- flammatory decoctions, a cardiac stimulant car- minative, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammations, stomatopathy, pharyngopathy, cough, asthma, hic- cough, dyspepsia, stomachalgia, obesity, diabetes, cephalalgia, tubercular glands and intermittent fe- vers [4]. Phytochemical and phytopharmacological stu- dies had also proven that many species in Zingi- beraceae family contained various secondary me- tabolites that had great potential in the pharmaceu- tical field, such as an anti-inflammatory, antioxi- dant, antimutagenic, antidiabetic, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, expectorant and anticancer properties [5], antiplatelet, anti-ulcer, anti-convul- sive, provides analgesic effects, diarrhea medica- tion, dermatosis disorder, rheumatism, and expec-