Literature and Pornography, 1660‒1800
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date: 01 June 2019
Subject: Literature, Literary Studies - 1701 to 1800, Literary Studies - 1500 to 1700, Literary
Studies - Fiction, Novelists, and Prose Writers
Online Publication Date: Dec 2013 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935338.013.001
Literature and Pornography, 1660‒1800
Hal Gladfelder
Oxford Handbooks Online
Abstract and Keywords
This essay offers a critical overview of recent and current debates on the cultural signifi
cance of erotic, obscene, and pornographic writing from the long eighteenth century. The
period 1660-1800 saw a new emphasis on interiority and the individual, a restructuring of
sexual and gender categories, and an increasing division between public and private.
Narratives of sexual education and danger were a vehicle through which authors and
readers could engage with these broad cultural changes; they also contributed to a view
of sexuality as the inmost truth of the self. This essay’s first part addresses theoretical de
bates over the nature of pornography and its relation to such categories as the erotic and
obscene, while the second offers a history of the making of a pornographic canon, over
lapping with the canons of amatory fiction and the novel. It reads this history in light of
censorial anxieties over the dangers of private reading, especially for women; the threat
of foreign contamination of English culture; and the use of voyeurism to penetrate the
boundary separating private from public.
Keywords: pornography, obscenity, sexuality, censorship, public/private divide, canon formation, amatory fiction,
the novel, voyeurism, readers and reading practices
1. Introduction
Writing to his fellow cleric Parson Oliver at the height of the Pamela craze in 1741, Henry
Fielding’s Parson Tickletext sings the praises of Richardson’s novel in terms that equate
the text to its heroine’s body. “The Thought,” he pronounces, “is every where exactly
cloathed by the Expression; and becomes its Dress as roundly and as close as Pamela her
Country Habit.”
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Not seeming to notice his own bawdy double-entendre, he warms to his
theme, imagining Pamela not in her country dress but out of it, “casting off the Pride of
Ornament” so that, like the virgin text, she “displays” her “modest Beauty… without any
Covering.” As unadorned as its enticingly unclothed heroine, Richardson’s “little Book,”
stripped of all covering, “presents Images to the Reader, which the coldest Zealot cannot
read without Emotion.” The precise nature of Parson Tickletext’s “Emotion” becomes