Chapter 4 A Comparison of Public Private Partnership Environment Between Australia and China Yongjian Ke, Marcus Jefferies and Peter Davis 4.1 Introduction Since 2013, the Chinese central government has supported the participation of social capital investors in infrastructure development which has led to significant levels of interest in Public Private Partnership (PPP) projects. However, China is still considered to have immature regulatory and institutional PPP frameworks. By contrast, PPP projects have enjoyed significant success in Australia, which is one of the most mature PPP markets globally. This paper, therefore, aims to review the PPP environment in both Australia and China and consequently identify trends and potential innovations. Economist Intelligence Unit (2012, 2015) summarized a benchmark index to assess the readiness and capacity of countries to carry out sustainable PPPs. This index comprises six components: (1) legal and regulatory framework (weighted 25%); (2) institutional framework (weighted 20%); (3) operational maturity (weighted 15%); (4) investment climate (weighted 15%); (5) financial facilities (weighted 15%); and (6) subnational adjustment factor (weighted 10%). Table 4.1 shows the scores of Australia and China in the above-mentioned benchmark index in the 2011 and 2014 Infrascope studies by EIU (2012, 2015). Unfortunately, the reasons behind the scores were not suf ficiently discussed in EIU (2012, 2015). Y. Ke (&) School of Built Environment, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia e-mail: Yongjian.Ke@uts.edu.au M. Jefferies Á P. Davis School of Architecture and Built Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia e-mail: Marcus.Jefferies@newcastle.edu.au P. Davis e-mail: Peter.Davis@newcastle.edu.au © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018 K.W. Chau et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the 21st International Symposium on Advancement of Construction Management and Real Estate, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6190-5_4 35