Emergency departments (EDs) are often
the adolescent suicide attempter’s first
point of contact with the medical system.
After reviewing the characteristics of
adolescent suicide attempters treated in
EDs, a procedure for the evaluation of a
variety of suicide-specific factors when
planning the disposition of adolescents
who attempt suicide is discussed.
Current suicidal ideation, intent, history
of suicidal behavior, reasons for the
attempt, common stressful events that
might trigger another suicidal act in a
vulnerable adolescent, as well as reasons
for future hope are assessed. Because it is
difficult to predict adolescents at risk for
repeat attempts, emphasis is placed on
hospitalizing high risk patients and
enhancing the probability that those
appropriate for discharge receive
psychiatric aftercare in the community.
Clin Ped Emerg Med 5:154-163.
© 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Assessment and Disposition
Planning for Adolescent
Suicide Attempters Treated in
the Emergency Department
By Anthony Spirito, PhD, and William Lewander, MD
PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND
E
MERGENCY DEPARTMENTS ARE OFTEN THE adolescent sui-
cide attempter’s first point of contact with the medical system.
In many instances, adolescent suicide attempters are medically
stabilized in the emergency department (ED) and then referred
for psychiatric care. This referral is a result of either an evaluation
by a psychiatric consultant, the ED physician, or both. In either
case, the ED physician who writes the discharge orders must try to
answer several questions before discharging the adolescent suicide
attempter including, “Is the patient at risk for completing suicide in
the near future?”, “Is the patient at risk for reattempting suicide?”,
and “What is the likelihood that the patient will follow through with
the referral for outpatient psychiatric care?” The literature perti-
nent to these 3 questions will be discussed after reviewing the
prevalence of adolescent suicide attempts and characteristics of
adolescent suicide attempters treated in EDs. The article will con-
clude with a guide to assessing suicidal risk for the nonpsychiatric
physician.
Rates of Medically Serious Suicide Attempts by Adolescents
Recent nationwide surveys suggest that each year approxi-
mately 21% of adolescents seriously consider attempting suicide,
16% develop a suicide plan, 7.7% attempt suicide, and 2.6% of
adolescents require emergency medical treatment for their at-
tempts.
1
Data collected using the Youth Risk Behavior Surveil-
From Rhode Island Hospital, and Brown
Medical School, Brown University.
Address reprint requests to: Anthony
Spirito, PhD, Brown University, CAAS,
Box G-BH, Providence, RI 02912. E-mail:
Anthony_Spirito@Brown.edu.
1522-8401/$—see front matter
© 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights
reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.cpem.2004.05.004
154 ASSESSMENT AND DISPOSITION PLANNING FOR ADOLESCENT SUICIDE ATTEMPTERS / SPIRITO AND LEWANDER