3D Investigation of the Microstructure Evolution in Hypereutectic Aluminum Silicon Alloy using
High Resolution Phase Contrast X-Ray Microscopy
A. Gourav Rao
1
, Hrishikesh Bale
2
, Arno Merkle
2
and V. P. Deshmukh
1
1
Naval Materials Research Laboratory, Ambarnath, India
2
Carl Zeiss X-ray Microscopy, Pleasanton CA
Contemporary high performance structural materials are being established by their mechanical
properties, particularly, the strength, ductility and toughness, corrosion resistance and machinability
required for fabricating the devices. However, improving one property often occurs at the expense of
other desirable properties. Hypereutectic Al-Si alloy is an attractive class of engineering material that
finds application in many critical electronic and defense applications because of its low coefficient of
thermal expansion (CTE), high electrical conductivity and light weight as compared to other established
alloys. The common problems in all these alloys are inherent brittleness, low formability and
catastrophic failure due presence of coarse primary silicon phase and increasing so with the increase in
silicon content. In the present work a novel approach by carrying friction stir processing (FSP), a
variant of severe plastic deformation process is used for microstructural refinement. The undesirable
coarse primary silicon particle (~200 µm) was refined to very small primary silicon particles (~3 µm)
via FSP. Also through FSP the particles orientation can be altered such that the preferred directions of
the particulates is randomized. The degree to which the modification is achieved can be controlling the
number of stir processing passes. The efficacy of FSP is determined by observing the microstructure
using optical or scanning electron microscopy techniques where the particulates can be analyzed for
shape, size and distribution. However, both these 2D imaging techniques have inherent limitations in
which the sub-surface information of the material is not revealed. Knowing the full 3D orientation,
shape and distribution plays a key role in better understanding the material. Nevertheless, combining
serial sectioning or using focused ion beam milling with optical or SEM techniques can provide the 3D
information needed, however both routes are primarily destructive and time consuming.
Here we present results obtained using non-destructive 3D x-ray microscopy for tomography on FSP
produced silicon reinforced aluminum matrix composite (Al-30Si). Imaging experiments were
conducted using a lab 3D X-ray microscope (Zeiss Xradia 520 Versa) operated in phase contrast mode.
Since the x-ray attenuation values of aluminum and silicon are close to each other, the resulting contrast
between the two components is significantly lower, and thus poses a challenge when operating in pure
absorption mode. To overcome this challenge, we used phase contrast to our advantage by increasing the
propagation distance between the sample and the detector, yet, maintaining a high 3D imaging
resolution using high magnification objectives in conjunction with geometric magnification obtained by
positioning the source and detector appropriately resulting in a 1.35 µm/voxel resolution for this work.
The 3D reconstructed datasets from the Al30Si sample showed excellent contrast between the aluminum
matrix and silicon particles and clearly resolved 2 -3 µm silicon particles dispersed in the matrix. Along
with being able to discern the different sized particles, the images also reveal presence of voids and
inclusions. Quantitative analysis was performed by post-processing the data to deduce information on
particle volume and distribution. Furthermore, the datasets contain rich information which aid in
qualitatively assessing the particles in terms of shape and roughness. We have successfully demonstrated
that x-ray microscopy provides an efficient and easy means of non-destructively imaging the material’s
1890
doi:10.1017/S1431927616010291
Microsc. Microanal. 22 (Suppl 3), 2016
© Microscopy Society of America 2016
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927616010291
Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 54.161.69.107, on 09 Jun 2020 at 07:10:07, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms.