International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery | February 2022 | Vol 8 | Issue 2 Page 150
International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery
Mehmi N et al. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2022 Feb;8(2):150-154
http://www.ijorl.com
pISSN 2454-5929 | eISSN 2454-5937
Original Research Article
A clinicopathological study of squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity
and oropharynx in non-smoker and non-drinker patients
Namrita Mehmi
1
, Sanjeev Bhagat
1
*, Navneet Kaur
2
, Ravinder Singh
1
INTRODUCTION
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an
anatomically heterogenous group of neoplasms arising
from the mucosal surface of the oral cavity, oropharynx,
hypopharynx, larynx, sinuses and other sites within the
upper aerodigestive tract.
1
The international incidence of
HNSCC (particularly of the oral tongue and oropharynx),
has increased in young adults.
2
Role of tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking is well
established in oral cavity and oropharyngeal SCC.
However, there remains a small minority of head and
neck cancer patient population who have no history of
either smoking tobacco or drinking alcohol.
3
In these
patients, other risk factors may contribute to development
of SCC. Although a growing number of reports exist that
examine head and neck cancers in non users of tobacco
and head and neck cancers in young patients, the current
literature examining the adult NSND head and neck
cancer patient population is limited.
4-12
Cancers of oral cavity are generally easily amenable to
early detection during routine screening examinations.
On the other hand, tumors of the oropharynx remain
ABSTRACT
Background: To describe the clinicopathological variables of the Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of oral cavity and
oropharynx in non-smoker and non-drinker patients (NSND).
Methods: A retrospective review of thirty NSND patients with proven SCC of oral cavity and oropharynx in ENT
department at Government Medical College Patiala. Data collected included demographics, aetiological factors, site,
symptoms, nodal metastasis, histopathological grading and TNM staging at presentation.
Results: In oral cavity cancers, patients presented commonly in 4th decade whereas in oropharynx, commonly in 6th
decade. NSND patients were more likely to be female, male female ratio being 43:56. In NSND women, 82% had
oral cavity SCC and 18% had oropharyngeal SCC. 13% of NSND patients reported sharp tooth, 10% reported regular
environmental exposure, and 10% reported occupational exposure followed by lichen planus (6.67%). In oral cavity
SCC, maximum incidence was that of oral tongue (59.1%) and in oropharyngeal SCC, base of tongue (62.5%) was
most commonly involved. Overall, well differentiated SCC predominated in both oral cavity and oropharyngeal
carcinoma in our study. In oral cavity SCC, maximum patients presented in early tumor staging i.e T1 and T2 (81.8%)
and early overall staging (stage I and II).In oropharyngeal SCC, maximum patients presented in advanced tumor
staging i.e T3 and T4 (62.5%) and advanced overall staging (stage III, IV).
Conclusions: In NSND patients, potential factors like sharp tooth, environmental smoke, occupational exposure and
lichen planus may contribute to SCC in oral cavity and oropharynx.
Keywords: Oral cavity, Oropharynx, Non-smoker, Non-drinker, Squamous cell carcinoma
1
Department of Otorhinolaryngology,
2
Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India
Received: 12 December 2021
Revised: 12 January 2022
Accepted: 13 January 2022
*Correspondence:
Dr. Sanjeev Bhagat,
E-mail: sbent244@gmail.com
Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/ 10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20220146