International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health | September 2021 | Vol 8 | Issue 9 Page 4155
International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health
Suleiman AG et al. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2021 Sep;8(9):4155-4160
http://www.ijcmph.com
pISSN2394-6032 | eISSN2394-6040
Original Research Article
Assessing the capacity of primary health care centres to provide
tuberculosis services in Kaduna State, North-Western Nigeria
Auwal G. Suleiman
1
*, Shehu S. Umar
2
, Zaharadeen S. Babandi
3
,
Abdulhakeem A. Olorukooba
1
, Umar M. Umar
3
INTRODUCTION
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by
Mycobacterium tuberculosis that most often affects the
lungs. Usually, infection occurs when a symptomatic case
coughs, sneezes or spits, thus, propelling the bacteria to
the outside environment.
1
Depending on several factors,
susceptible individuals who picked the bacteria may
progress from dormant infection to active disease, which
manifests with a barrage of symptoms including
unexplained fever, weight loss, cough and difficulty with
breathing.
2,3
In some situations, distant organs may be
affected including the kidneys, spine and the brain.
4
Left
untreated, TB complications commonly lead to
respiratory failure and death. Despite remarkable
successes recorded in combating the disease, since the
mid-1980s, many countries have now started witnessing a
resurgence of TB, largely attributed to poor living
ABSTRACT
Background: Despite earlier successes achieved in combating it, cases of tuberculosis in Nigeria are now on the
increase, affecting more people and communities. Primary health care in Nigeria is through ward health system,
designed to provide minimum health package to the communities including TB services. This study aimed to
ascertain the capacity of PHC centres to provide TB services in Kaduna North senatorial district, Kaduna State,
Nigeria.
Methods: Four out of eight local Government areas in the district were randomly selected and one PHC per ward was
recruited in the study. In each facility, questionnaires developed from the TB tracer items of the WHO service
availability and readiness assessment tool were administered to the facility in-charges and TB/DOTS focal persons.
Results: Forty four facilities were selected from Zaria, Sabon Gari, Makarfi and Kudan LGAs. Almost all facilities
(98%) diagnosed TB clinically and 39 (90%) had anti-TB drugs available. National TB guidelines were lacking in 23
(52%) facilities and only 5 (11%) had additional capacity for sputum microscopy. While 35 (80%) TB/DOTS focal
persons had received training on TB diagnosis and treatment, only 24 (55%)received training on TB/HIV co-infection
and only 8 (18%) received training on multi-drug resistant TB.
Conclusions: While TB services are widely available in the district, urgent need exists for all stakeholders to work
together towards equipping those facilities with critical infrastructure that will improve their overall capacity,
particularly with regards to comprehensive TB guidelines, laboratory diagnosis and personnel training for effective
TB management.
Keywords: Tuberculosis, TB, Primary Health Care, PHC, Kaduna, Nigeria
1
Department of Community Medicine,
2
Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria,
Kaduna State, Nigeria
3
Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Received: 29 June 2021
Accepted: 06 August 2021
*Correspondence:
Dr. Auwal G. Suleiman,
E-mail: agsuleiman@abu.edu.ng
Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under
the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213512