Open Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2014, 4, 446-453 Published Online June 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojpm http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojpm.2014.46052 How to cite this paper: Khajedaluee, M., Dadgarmoghaddam, M., Attaran, D., Zabihi, A. and Ashrafi, S. (2014) Association between Weight Change during Treatment and Treatment Outcome in Patients with Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculo- sis. Open Journal of Preventive Medicine, 4, 446-453. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojpm.2014.46052 Association between Weight Change during Treatment and Treatment Outcome in Patients with Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Mohammad Khajedaluee, Maliheh Dadgarmoghaddam * , Davoud Attaran, Amirhossein Zabihi, Seyedhassan Ashrafi School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran Email: * maliheh_dadgar@yahoo.com Received 30 April 2014; revised 30 May 2014; accepted 10 June 2014 Copyright © 2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is known as a disease of poverty and declared as a global public health emergency by World Health Organization (WHO). Pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common type of TB and is a wasting disease. It is expected that the patients who lost weight during the course of disease, will gain weight during successful treatment. So the aim of this study was to assess the body weight changes through the treatment and its possible association with treatment outcome in TB patients in Nishapur, an ancient city in Razavi Khorasan province in Iran. This is an observational analytical study. Patients were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and available information. Treatment Protocol for all patients was Directly Observed Treatment, short Course Strategy (at least 6 months). All patients were weighed at the beginning of treatment, after two months and at the end of treatment. Outcome of treatment was classified into: cured, completed treatment, treatment fail- ure and death. Then the impact of weight changes during treatment was compared in subgroups. From 874 patients, 819 patients (93.9%) were new cases, 48 (5.3%) relapse, 5 patients (0.6%) pa- tients who did not complete their treatment and 2 (0.2%) had failed prior therapy. The most com- mon symptoms in all patients were: cough, sputum, weight loss, fever, sweats, and hemoptysis. 8.1% of patients had radiologic signs and the most common signs were cavity (2.9%). The weight change during treatment was 2.91 ± 5.59 kg in cured group, 3.3 ± 3.29 kg in completed treatment group, 2.95 ± 5.59 kg in treatment failure group and 1.02 ± 3.27 in dead group respectively. These differ- ences were statistically significant between the four groups (p < 0.03). We can conclude that body weight change can be used as a predictor for the treatment outcome. * Corresponding author.