International Journal of Scientific Reports | May 2021 | Vol 7 | Issue 5 Page 270 International Journal of Scientific Reports Oliveira FPA et al. Int J Sci Rep. 2021 May;7(5):270-276 http://www.sci-rep.com pISSN 2454-2156 | eISSN 2454-2164 Original Research Article Prognostic factors in multiple myeloma and the impact of the bone involvement Flora Palmari Audi Oliveira 1 , Vitória Melina Faquini de Souza 1 , Maura Lima Pereira Bueno 1,2 *, Fernanda Marconi Roversi 1,2 INTRODUCTION Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable however treatable hematologic malignancy in which plasmocytes (activated B lymphocytes) abnormally proliferate in bone marrow, usually resulting in an oversecretion of an antibody known as monoclonal immunoglobulin or monoclonal protein (M-protein), which can be easily measured in the blood or in urine. 1,2 Intensive plasmocyte growth in the bone marrow can crowd out normal blood- forming cells, leading to low blood cells counts and result in anemia, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. 3,4 Thus, the patient could present tiredness and weakness, increased bleeding and bruising, along with impaired ability to a normal immune response. In addition, MM patients are usually affected by bone pain caused by the infiltration of ABSTRACT Background: Multiple myeloma is characterized by abnormal plasmocytes proliferation in the bone marrow, resulting in an immunoglobulin oversecretion, which can cause bone pain, anemia, kidney dysfunction, and infections. The present study evaluates prognostic factors and the bone involvement in patients who had a confirmed diagnosis of MM. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in hospital universitário São Francisco of Bragança Paulista. Patient demographic data, laboratory parameters and treatment received were recorded. We also analyzed the variables related to diagnosis and the development of bone lesions in MM patients. Results: A total of 42 patients had a confirmed diagnosis of MM, out of which most (54.76%) were older than 65. Most patients (45.24%) had beta-2-microglobulin values greater than 5.5 mcg/dl, indicating an advanced stage of the disease and consequently a less favorable prognosis. The main clinical manifestation observed was anemia in 61.90% (26/42) and bone lesions 59.52% (25/42). The analysis of imaging exams showed that most patients presented bone alterations, such as osteopenia, lytic lesions and fractures. Interestingly, 11.90% patients were submitted to autologous bone marrow transplantation with further remission of the disease. Bone marrow transplantation increases overall survival and disease-free survival when compared to conventional treatment. Conclusions: Since MM prognostic factors are numerous and, therefore, the understanding and analysis of the clinical and laboratory features of MM can contribute to an early diagnosis of patients, a targeted therapeutic approach and better outcomes. Keywords: Multiple myeloma, Hematological malignancy, Bone involvement 1 Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil 2 Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, University of Campinas/Hemocentro-Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil Received: 12 January 2021 Revised: 05 April 2021 Accepted: 06 April 2021 *Correspondence: Dr. Maura Lima Pereira Bueno, E-mail: mauralimabueno@gmail.com Copyright: © the author(s), publisher and licensee Medip Academy. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.IntJSciRep20211455