Research Article
Studies on the Process Parameters of
Rapid Prototyping Technique (Stereolithography) for
the Betterment of Part Quality
Raju Bangalore Singe Gowda,
1
Chandra Sekhar Udayagiri,
2
and Drakshayani Doulat Narendra
3
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, REVA ITM, Bangalore, Karnataka 560037, India
2
Institution of Engineers (India), Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, India
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sir MVIT, Bangalore, Karnataka 562157, India
Correspondence should be addressed to Raju Bangalore Singe Gowda; rajubsgowda@gmail.com
Received 15 July 2014; Accepted 27 October 2014; Published 11 December 2014
Academic Editor: Konstantinos Salonitis
Copyright © 2014 Raju Bangalore Singe Gowda et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons
Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is
properly cited.
Rapid prototyping (RP) has evolved as frontier technology in the recent times, which allows direct transformation of CAD fles into
functional prototypes where it tremendously reduces the lead time to produce physical prototypes necessary for design verifcation,
ft, and functional analysis by generating the prototypes directly from the CAD data. Part quality in the rapid prototyping process
is a function of build parameters such as hatch cure depth, layer thickness, orientation, and hatch spacing. Tus an attempt was
made to identify, study, and optimize the process parameters governing the system which are related to part characteristics using
Taguchi experimental design techniques quality. Te part characteristics can be divided into physical part and mechanical part
characteristics. Te physical characteristics are surface fnish, dimensional accuracy, distortion, layer thickness, hatch cure, and
hatch fle, whereas mechanical characteristics are fexural strength, ultimate tensile strength, and impact strength. Tus, this paper
proposes to characterize the infuence of the physical build parameters over the part quality. An L
9
orthogonal array was designed
with the minimum number of experimental runs with desired parameter settings and also by analysis tools such as ANOVA (analysis
of variance). Establishment of experimentally verifed correlations between the physical part characteristics and mechanical part
characteristics to obtain an optimal process parameter level for betterment of part quality is obtained. Te process model obtained
by the empirical relation can be used to determine the strength of the prototype for the given set of parameters that shows the
dependency of strength, which are essential for designers and RP machine users.
1. Introduction
Due to the advances in electronics and computers, there has
been a signifcant growth in communication, information
technology, and worldwide networking, which leads to glob-
alization and opening of markets [1, 2]. Tus in product devel-
opment, rapid prototyping (RP) and rapid product devel-
opment have turned out to be the key instruments to save
time and money with respect to the development of inno-
vative products [2, 3]. Stereolithography (SLA) is one of the
RP techniques, which involve fabrication of intricate shape
of a plastic monomer directly from computer aided design
(CAD) data by depositing material layer by layer by pho-
topolymerization process [4]. Te SLA process involves the
following steps: conversion of the CAD model to the standard
triangulation language (STL) fle format; slicing the STL fle
into thin cross sectional layers; constructing the model by one
layer on top of another layer; cleaning and fnishing of the
model. SLA prototypes have wide applications in aerospace,
automobile, and manufacturing sectors especially in rapid
tooling. Strength plays a very important role in rapid tooling
[5] where the components have to withstand high pressure
during the test of ftment and also when used as a die in
injection moulding, where the dies prepared through SLA
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
International Journal of Manufacturing Engineering
Volume 2014, Article ID 804705, 11 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/804705