Performance of Operational Chemical
Transport Models for Particulate Matter
Concentrations in Bulgaria
Hristina Kirova , Nadya Neykova , and Emilia Georgieva
Abstract The main objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of some
well-known and widely used operational air quality modelling systems (EMEP-
MSC-W, and the models at the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS))
for simulations of ground-level particulate matter in Bulgaria. The analysis is focused
on two months—a summer one (August 2017) and a winter one (February 2019). The
comparison of models to observations from regular air quality background stations
is based on statistical indicators and various plots (box plots, kernel density esti-
mations, and scatter plots). The EMEP and CAMS regional models underestimate
the observed concentrations, on average by about 50% for PM
10
and by about 22%
for PM
2.5
. These models perform better at a rural remote (mountain) site than at
urban background stations indicating that the outputs of the models could be used
for indicative values of PM background concentrations. The model inter-comparison
consists of an analysis of the spatial distribution of monthly mean concentrations and
values for domain averaged model concentrations. The CAMS global model simu-
lates in summer different spatial distribution due to the assimilation of satellite data
providing information for dust storms and wildfires.
Keywords Chemical transport models · Particulate matter · Model validation
H. Kirova (B ) · N. Neykova · E. Georgieva
National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (NIMH), 66, Tsarigradsko Shose Blvd Sofia,
Sofia 1784, Bulgaria
e-mail: hristina.kirova@meteo.bg
N. Neykova
e-mail: nadya.neykova@meteo.bg
E. Georgieva
e-mail: emilia.georgieva@meteo.bg
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
N. Dobrinkova and G. Gadzhev (eds.), Environmental Protection and Disaster Risks,
Studies in Systems, Decision and Control 361,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70190-1_8
107