proceedings of the
american mathematical society
Volume 118, Number 1, May 1993
PIECEWISE LINEAR DISCONTINUOUS
DOUBLE COVERINGSOF THE CIRCLE
ROZA GALEEVA AND CHARLES TRESSER
(Communicated by Charles Pugh)
Abstract. In his study of a particular Lorenz-like semiflow, S. F. Kennedy
introduced a two-parameter family of endomorphisms of the circle with two
marked points. These are piecewise affine double coverings of the circle with a
pair of discontinuities, which all have topological entropy log 2 . We answer the
question Kennedy raised about when two such maps are topologically conjugate.
1. Introduction and statement of the results
In the wake of Williams's work on the Lorentz equations [7], Kennedy has
described the semiflows on the branched 2-manifold W represented in Figure
1 (on the next page), where the sketch of phase portrait illustrates the main
features of these semiflows [3]. Following backward the branches of the stable
manifold of O, one gets two first intersection points at P and Q with the
circle C. The circle C with its two marked points is a natural section of
this semiflow, so the topological dynamics of the semiflow can be captured by
studying K-maps, i.e., double coverings of the circle with two marked points
where the map can be discontinuous, and such that each arc between the marked
points is sent to the full circle less one point. In this note, we shall restrict
ourselves to the case of expanding A"-maps with a constant factor 2 on the two
arcs of continuity. Opening the circle at one marked point to form the interval
[0, 1) with a marked point at \ means that we shall examine the two-parameter
family f(a,bf- [0> U ~* [0> 1)» where
f(a,b)\[oAI2)(x) = (2x + a) modi
and
•f(«.*)l[i/2, i)(-x) = (2x + b-\) mod 1.
For simplicity, we shall also denote by {fia,b)} the corresponding family of
K-maos. Following a question raised by Kennedy in [3, 4] we shall more pre-
cisely describe conditions on the parameters, which are necessary and sufficient
for two A^-maps in this family to be K-topologically conjugate, i.e., be the same
up to a continuous change of coordinates, which preserves the set of marked
points.
Received by the editors August 19, 1991.
1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 58F20, 58F14.
Key words and phrases. Kneading theory, topological conjugacy, branched manifolds.
©1993 American Mathematical Society
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