978-1-4673-7689-1/16/$31.00 ©2016 IEEE Energy-Efficient Fuzzy Logic Cluster Head selection in Wireless Sensor Networks Hassan EL ALAMI, Abdellah NAJID STRS Lab. National Institute of Posts and Telecommunications - INPT Rabat – Morocco h.elalami.a@ieee.org, najid@inpt.ac.ma Abstract—WSNs are characterized by limited energy constraints. This characteristic poses considerable challenge on design of routing protocols. Therefore, many designers and researchers focus on architectures and algorithms that allow energy-efficient operation of WSNs. One of the popular algorithms in this regard is clustering algorithm. Thus, there are many routing protocols based on clustering algorithm has been proposed for WSNs, the functionality of these protocols is divided into cluster heads (CHs) selection and cluster formation. However, CHs selection is one of the very important problems in routing protocols applications and can drastically impact the network lifespan thereby energy conservation task for WSNs. In this paper, we propose a new routing approach called Energy- efficient fuzzy logic cluster head (EEFL-CH); it is an improvement of LEACH protocol. The goal of this approach is to decrease energy consumption in terms of network lifetime extension using three fuzzy parameters. These parameters are residual energy, expected efficiency, and closeness to base station. Simulation results show that EEFL-CH approach has the better result as compared with LEACH and LEACH-ERE routing protocols. Keywords— cluster head; LEACH; LEACH-ERE; fuzzy logic; wireless sensor networks; energy-efficient. I. INTRODUCTION Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are composed of set sensor nodes communicating through wireless channels. Therefore, these types of networks are nowadays used in a wide variety of domains such as [1]: • Healthcare applications: like monitoring of human physiological data, patient monitoring, etc. • Environmental applications: such as forest fire detection, flood detection, Air pollution monitoring, and many more. • Military applications: such as detection nuclear attacks, monitoring friendly forces, and so on. Since information transmission from nodes to base station is the main task in WSNs, thus the network lifetime extension of WSNs depends on efficient management of sensing sensor node power resources. In addition, energy-efficient is one of the most design issues in WSNs. Energy inefficient leads to poor performance and short network lifetime of WSNs. To this end, clustering algorithm provides an effective way to extend the network lifetime of WSNs therefore; clustering algorithm based several routing protocols are used to reduce consumed energy in collecting and disseminating data in WSNs. In order to get better balanced and reduced energy consumption, we propose a new approach namely Energy-Efficient Fuzzy Logic Cluster Head selection (EEFL-CH) with an extension to the energy efficiency has been proposed to extend the network lifetime and decrease energy consumption in WSNs. In addition, residual energy, expected efficiency, and closeness to BS have been introduced to act as fuzzy parameters during CH selection process. In order to estimate the expected efficiency, the expected residual energy of each node is required. In this paper, we have used the expected residual energy which is calculated in [11]. Algorithm of this proposed approach based on the LEACH algorithm [1], [2] with an extension to the energy efficiency based on residual energy, the expected efficiency, and the closeness to BS. Furthermore, each node determines its chance to become a CH based on these parameters. The chance of node is computed through using Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System. The remaining part of the paper is organized as follows. Section II describes the related work. Network model is described in Section III. Proposed of EEFL-CH approach is described in Section IV. Our simulation result and analysis of the proposed approach are presented in the section V. Finally, Section VI concludes this paper. II. RELATED WORK In few recent years, many protocols and approaches of routing based on clustering algorithm have been proposed for wireless sensor networks (WSNs); many of them based on LEACH algorithm try to solve the problems found in the clustering algorithm precisely the cluster heads (CHs) selection. In this section we present overview of fuzzy logic approach and some routing protocols based on. A. Overview of Fuzzy Logic approach The fuzzy logic approach [4], [5] was proposed by Professor Lotfi Zadeh to solve problems that are difficult to solve for classical logic theory, as not only a control methodology but also as a way of processing data on the basis of authorizing membership in small sets rather than membership in clusters. This approach is mathematical representation concerning human concepts [6], [7].