Research Article
Deficiency of Standard Effective-Medium Approximation for
Ellipsometry of Layers of Nanoparticles
E. G. Bortchagovsky,
1,2
A. Dejneka,
3
L. Jastrabik,
3
V. Z. Lozovski,
2
and T. O. Mishakova
2
1
Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NASU, pr. Nauki 41, 03028 Kiev, Ukraine
2
Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kiev, pr. Glushkova 4g, 03033 Kiev, Ukraine
3
Institute of Physics of the AV
ˇ
CR, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Praha 8, Czech Republic
Correspondence should be addressed to E. G. Bortchagovsky; bortch@yahoo.com
Received 16 September 2015; Accepted 18 November 2015
Academic Editor: Mohamed Bououdina
Copyright © 2015 E. G. Bortchagovsky et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly
cited.
Correct description of optical properties of layers of disordered interacting nanoparticles is the problem. Contrary to volumes of
nanocomposites, when standard models of efective-medium approximations (EMA) work well, two-dimensional case of layers
has intrinsic anisotropy, which infuences interparticle interactions. Te defciency of standard Maxwell-Garnett model in the
application to the ellipsometry of layers of gold nanoparticles is demonstrated. It demands the modifcation of EMA models and
one way of this is considered in this paper. Contrary to existing 2D models with phenomenological parameters, the proposed Green
function approach uses the same number of parameters as standard 3D EMA models for explicit calculations of efective parameters
of layers of disordered nanoparticles.
1. Introduction
Peculiar properties of composites comprising metallic
nanoparticles attracted attention for millenniums and
have been exploited in the production of fascinating art
pieces like the Lycurgus cup, stainless glasses, Deruta
ceramics, and so forth. Properties of composites found the
explanation in the efective-medium approximation (EMA)
models, which in the optical case defne efective dielectric
function from averaged felds according to the expression
⟨⟩ = ⟨⟩ =
ef
⟨⟩. First of those models was developed
already in the end of the 19th century [1]. Up to now, those
models, namely, Maxwell-Garnett (MG) and self-consistent
Bruggeman ones, are the most popular in the description
of optical properties of nanocomposites. Although very
little information about the composite is included into those
models, their robustness is defned by restrictive bounds for
the possible resulting dielectric function [2].
Tese models are also widely used for layers of nanopar-
ticles schematically shown in Figure 1. However, as these
models are based on the Lorentz sphere formalism, their
application to such layers creates some problems as already
reported in literature [3–5]. Te reason is that the planar
geometry of the layer gives obvious geometrical anisotropy
along and across the layer. As a result, electromagnetic
interparticle interactions along and across the layer are
diferent [6] as shown in Figure 2. In a three-dimensional
case, we should expect two more neighbor dipoles with
repulsive interactions resulting in zero sum feld from all
neighbors at the position of the central particle. Tis is the
meaning of the Lorentz sphere formalism of averaged feld
for regular lattices as well as for random uniform distribution
of particles. However, for the layer the average feld from
neighbor dipoles is not zero. In the case of the longitudinal
polarization, the total interaction is attractive in average
resulting in a redshif of the nanoparticle resonance, but for
the transverse polarization the interaction is always repulsive
which results in the blueshif of the resonance [6]. Such a
diference splits the resonance of 3D composite into two
resonances for 2D layer of nanoparticles.
In fact, more detailed account of even only dipolar
interparticle interactions in the case of randomly distributed
inclusions in 3D composite indicates some deviation of the
local feld from zero [7, 8]. It is so called fuctuations of
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Journal of Nanomaterials
Volume 2015, Article ID 602848, 8 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/602848