International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 6, June-2013 863
ISSN 2229-5518
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http://www.ijser.org
ASSESSMENT OF GROUND WATER QUALITY
INDEX (WQI) IN AND AROUND BALGOPALPUR
INDUSTRIAL ESTATE, BALASORE, ODISHA,
INDIA
Kausik Kumar Das, Tanuja Panigrahi, Bita Mohanty & Dr. R.B. Panda
Abstract: To assess the quality index of ground water in and around Balgopalpur Industrial Estate, water samples from 30 different
locations were collected spreading over a period of three seasons in the year (2011-2012) namely post monsoon, winter and summer
season (July2011-June2012). The index of water quality was assess by measuring various physic-chemical parameter such as pH, Total
Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), Total Alkalinity (TA), Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Iron and Chloride content.
After analysis of WQI, all the samples indicates that water of all location is not acceptable for direct consumption and is not within the
permissible limit. The Pump house water may be use for direct consumption which is nearly equal to the permissible limit. Other some
samples were also can be used for drinking purpose after treatment.
Key words: WQI, Permissible Limit, Balgopalpur Industrial Estate, Physico-chemical Parameter.
1 INTRODUCTION
“Water” the elixir of life referred as nature was worshiped
since Vedic days. The Rig-Veda depicts that water functions
as givers and sustainers of life. Ground water is a gift of
nature. About 210billion m3 including recharge through
infiltration seepage and evaporation. Ground water is the
main source of drinking water [1]. Ground water accounts
for drinking and irrigation as it is the easily available
source in Balgopalpur Industrial Area. The presence of
higher concentration (i.e. above permissible limit) of any
ion in ground water indicates pollution of ground water.
Today human activities are constantly adding industrial,
domestic and agricultural waste to ground water reservoirs
at an alarming rate [2]. Disposal of industrial effluent and
sewage into fresh water cause ground water pollution [3].
The rapid growth of urban areas has adversely affected the
ground water quality due to over exploitation of resources
and improper waste disposal practices. With growing
industrial sectors, urban areas also developed near the
industrial areas. So, the consumption of fresh water is
increased day-by-day.
Kausik Kumar Das, Research Scholar P.G. Dept. Of Environmental
Science, F.M. University, Balasore-756020, Odisha, India
E-mail:-kausikkumar9@gmail.com
Tanuja Panigrahi, Bita Mohanty, Research Scholar P.G. Dept. Of
Environmental Science, F.M. University, Balasore-756020, Odisha, India
E-mail:-bita.mohanty@gmail.com
E-mail:-tanuja.panigrahi237@gmail.com
Dr. R.B. Panda, Associate Professor in P.G. Dept. Of Environmental
Science, F.M. University, Balasore-756020, Odisha, India
E-mail:-rb_panda07@rediffmail.com
Ground water contamination is generally irreversible i.e.
once it is contaminated it is difficult to restore the original
water quality of the aquifer. Pollution of ground water
resources has become a major problem today. Water quality
is a major factor in determining the welfare of the society.
The presence of various toxic substances in the water
bodies causes health hazards. A regular monitoring of
water bodies with required number of parameters vis-a-vis
the quality of water not only prevents outbreak of disease
and occurrence of other health hazards but also checks the
water from further deterioration and there by protects it.
Water Quality Index (WQI) is one of the most effective
expressions which reflect a composite influence of
contributing factors on the quality of water for any water
system [4]. Therefore the present work deals with WQI of
drinking water collected from various locations of Balasore
district, Odisha, India (Fig-1). The Index is based on Tiwari
and Mishra (1985), [5], Singh (1992), [6] and Yazadandoost
and Katdare (2000), [7], [1].
2 STUDY AREA
Balasore is one of the coastal districts of Odisha. It lies on
the northern most part of the state having 21 degree 03' to
21 degree 59' North Latitude & 86 degree 20' to 87 degree
29' East Longitude (Fig-2). Geographical area of the district
is 3634 sq.km. As per the 2001 Census, the population of
this area is 2023000 [8]. The climate of Balasore district is
mostly hot and humid. The relative humidity is 55% during
June to September, 28% in October to March and 20%
during April to May. The soil type of the study area is
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