Economic Affairs, Vol. 62, No. 4, pp. 683-690, December 2017
DOI: 10.5958/0976-4666.2017.00083.3
©2017 New Delhi Publishers. All rights reserved
Comparative Economics of Contract and Non-contract
Farming of Potato in Gujarat
V.K. Gondalia
1
*, Y.C. Zala
2
and Rachana Kumari Bansal
3
Department of Agricultural Economics, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
*Corresponding author: vkgondalia@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
To study the comparative economics of contract and non-contract farming of potato in Gujarat state, a
sample of 120 potato growers comprising 60 each from contract and non-contract were selected. The Cost
Concept (CACP approach) was used to work out various costs and “t” test was used for testing their
statistical signifcance. The results revealed that the cost of cultivation (Cost C
2
) was higher on contract
farms (` 185435 per ha) when compared to the non-contract farms, (` 154930 per ha) due to higher cost of
labor, manures, seeds and chemical fertilizers. The average production of potato was higher on contract
farms (399.92 q/ha) than on the non-contract farms (303.83 q/ha). This might be due to the use of beter
variety, proper use of inputs and beter production technology as specifed by the contracting frm. The
average price received by the farmers was higher on the contract farms (` 830.29 per quintal) when
compared to the non-contract farms (` 808.17 per quintal). The net returns received over Cost C
2
was
higher on contract farms (` 146615 per ha) when compared to the non-contract farms (` 90620 per ha).
The yield uncertainty ratio was lower on the contract farms (0.1806) than the non-contract farms (0.4588).
Similarly, the price uncertainty ratio was lower on contract farms (0.0162) than the non-contract farms
(0.1358). In nutshell, these results clearly revealed that the contract farming in potato was economically
more proftable and less risky when compared to traditional non-contract farming.
Keywords: Cost concept, contract farms, net returns, price uncertainty, yield uncertainty
Contract farming is a prominent and growing
phenomenon in Indian agriculture. Globalization,
liberalization and the growth of organized retail
have intensifed the role of the agribusiness frms
who are entering into contract with farmers for
the purchase of raw materials. Contract farming
has been receiving increasing attention from
agribusiness frms as well as from the government
for more than a decade. The National Agricultural
Policy 2000 announced by the Government of India,
seeks to promote contract farming by involving
the private sector to accelerate technology transfer,
capital inflow and assured marketing of farm
produce.
According to FAO “Contract farming can be defned
as an agreement between farmers and processing
and/or marketing firms for the production and
supply of agricultural products under forward
agreements, frequently at predetermined prices.
The arrangement also invariably involves the
purchaser in providing a degree of production
support by, for example, the supply of inputs and
the provision of technical advice. The basis of
such arrangements is a commitment on the part
of the farmer to provide a specifc commodity in
quantities and at quality standards determined by
the purchaser and a commitment on the part of the
company to support the farmer’s production and to
purchase the commodity” (www.fao.org/ag/ags/cf).
Thus, contract farming is a win-win situation which
contributes to both, beter prices and assured market
to the farmers and good quality raw-material to
agro-processing industries.
The contract farming in its new concept has become
more popular afer the execution of the Model Act
2003 (The State Agricultural Produce Marketing