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NZMJ 20 November 2020, Vol 133 No 1525
ISSN 1175-8716 © NZMA
www.nzma.org.nz/journal
An audit of fluid
resuscitation practice
in trauma patients with
major haemorrhage at
Christchurch Hospital
Calan Jones, Bianca Wadham, Wayne Morriss, Andrew McCombie,
Melissa Evans, Christopher Wakeman
T
he incidence of major trauma in New
Zealand is approximately 48 per
100,000 population per year, with a
fatality rate of 8.4%. The majority of these
deaths are due to traumatic brain or spinal
cord injury, but approximately 12.6% of
fatalities are due to haemorrhage, a poten-
tially preventable cause of traumatic death.
Although deaths due to traumatic haemor-
rhage in New Zealand have reduced during
recent years, New Zealand is still lagging
behind other countries where fatality rates
in major trauma due to haemorrhage are
closer to 3%.
1,2
Damage control resuscitation (DCR) is
now considered a standard of care in the
management of severe trauma. The aim
of DCR is the prevention or minimisation
of the lethal trauma triad of acidosis,
coagulopathy and hypothermia. In major
haemorrhage, DCR focuses on limitation of
crystalloid fluid resuscitation and early use
of blood products.
3
Despite recent literature supporting the
use of whole blood products, protocolised
blood component therapy is still used in
New Zealand for patients requiring massive
ABSTRACT
AIMS: Damage control resuscitation with limited crystalloids and early use of blood products is now
considered standard care in major trauma. The purpose of this study was to audit resuscitation practice
in trauma patients where a massive transfusion protocol (MTP) had been activated, to determine whether
crystalloid administration and adherence to the MTP had improved since an audit and education sessions
in July 2017.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study looking at trauma patients presenting to Christchurch
Hospital who had a MTP activated form the 1 May 2016 to 1 March 2019. Patients were identified by cross-
referencing the trauma call database with the electronic transfusion registry.
RESULTS: Thirty-four patients were included in the audit. There was no significant difference in mean
crystalloid administration before and aſter July 2017 (5.74 litres and 4.86 litres respectively). Patients
presenting before July 2017 received a significantly lower mean fresh frozen plasma to red blood cells
(FFP:RBC) compared to patients aſter July 2017.
CONCLUSIONS: Trauma patients with major haemorrhage at Christchurch Hospital are still receiving excess
crystalloids; however, our audit suggests that compliance with the MTP has improved. Further education
involving the entire trauma team is required to improve fluid resuscitation practice.
ARTICLE