Syafrıza et al. The sIgA and histatin 5 expressions in saliva of early childhood caries Journal of Syiah Kuala Dentistry Society Research Article How to cite this article: Syafrıza D, Sutadı H, Prımasarı A, Sıregar Y. The sIgA and histatin-5 expressions in saliva of early childhood caries and caries- free children based on period times. JDS. 2020; 5(1): 1-6. © 2020 Syiah Kuala University Press e-ISSN 2502-0412 1 Jurnal of Syiah Kuala Dentistry Society e-ISSN 2502-0412 www.jurnal.unsyiah.ac.id/JDS The sIgA and histatin-5 expressions in saliva of early childhood caries and caries-free children based on period times Dharli SYAFRIZA 1 , Heriandi SUTADI 2 , Ameta PRIMASARI 3 , Yahwardiyah SIREGAR 4 1 Doctoral Program, Dentistry Faculty, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia 2 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta Indonesia 3 Department of Biology Oral, Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan Indonesia 4 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan Indonesia. *Corresponding Author. E-mail: dharli.usk@gmail.com; Tel. +628126981978 Received: February 2020 / Revised: April 5, 2020 / Accepted: Mey 5, 2020 ABSTRACT: To analyze the level of sIgA and Histatin-5 expression in Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and caries-free children. Saliva was collected from 31 subjects of ECC and 29 caries-free (ages 9-32 months). The level expression of sIgA and Histatin 5 was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The distribution and frequency of subjects consist of boys 47% and girls 53% with the average of ages 1-12 month 21% and 13-24 month 79%.sIgA and Histatin 5 expressions differ from the month periods tested (1, 3, and 9 months) but do not show any significant difference from each examination period (1 with three months; p>0.05: 0.116), (1 with nine months; p> 0.05: 0.766), and (3 to 9 months; p>0.05: 0.398). The expression of sIgA and Histatin 5 of boys and girls were not significant (p>0.05:0.550) and weak correlation (r = 0.079).The level expression of sIgA in the Caries-free higher than ECC (p<0.05). Whereas the expression of Histatin 5 in ECC higher than Caries-free (p<0.05). The sIgA correlating in ECC and caries-free is significant (p<0.05) and no correlation (r =- 0,29). Whereas Histatin 5 in the ECC and caries-free were strong correlation = 0,84. Both the result of ECC and caries-free suggested that the antibodies have been involved in the caries pathogenesis. In the ECC cases that occurred to decrease sIgA levels and increased of Histatin 5 levels, both antibodies have expressed in Caries-free Children. Both sIgA and Histatin 5 involved in the pathogenesis caries infection in children. KEYWORDS: Antibodies; Early Childhood Caries; saliva; secretory immunoglobulin A; Histatin-5 INTRODUCTION Early childhood caries (ECC) are a type of caries affecting infants and preschoolers, influencing children's development and health with the long- term effects caused. Early childhood caries is an essential consideration for all parties in reducing the risk of development and its causes, considering the infection process due to ECC can be prevented and is reversible. 1 Previous research concluded that ECC was due to S. mutans bacterial infection and host and dietary factors. Therefore, current research is trying to identify risk factors such as natural defenses in the oral cavity that can prevent caries development. 2 Saliva is a body defense system containing various proteins, peptides, and immunoglobulin that prevent caries 3 . Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) is the dominant immunoglobulin in saliva that plays a vital role as the frontline defense of the immune system against microbial invasion 4 .sIgA is the main immunoglobulin of the mucosal immune system that acts as an antibody against bacterial antigens and inhibit the infecting bacteria of the oral tissue. The sIgA level reflects the condition, ability, or response of a person's body to form antibodies and describe the exposure of pathogens that mainly enter the oral cavity. 5 Examination of sIgA levels in children with ECC needs to determine the child's adaptive immune response to exposure to S. mutans, a bacterium that causes caries. 6 Reduction in the number of peptides in saliva in patients with active caries is associated with a person's susceptibility to caries. 7 One of the salivary peptides that have antibacterial properties is Histatin-5. Statistical analysis shows a significant increase in Histatin-5 concentration in children with Orıgınal Research