Journal of SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVOLUTION Vol 2 (1): Pages 1-5 (2021) DOI 10.37357/1068/jser.2.1.01 ISSN 2435-7251 Corresponding authors: MSS Danish, T Senjyu Emails: mdanish@lab.u-ryukyu.ac.jp, b985542@tec.u-ryukyu.ac.jp This work is licensed under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC 4.0 License. ©2021 by author and REPA - Research and Education Promotion Association Smart and sustainable building appraisal Mir Sayed Shah Danish 1 , Tomonobu Senjyu 2 , Masooma Nazari 3 , Hameedullah Zaheb 2 , Thabit Salim Nassor 4 , Sayed Mir Shah Danish 5 and Hedayatullah Karimy 6 1 Strategic Research Project Center, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru 9030213, Japan 2 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan 3 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Alberta, 85 Ave. Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada 4 Department of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Karume Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Mbweni Road, Zanzibar, Tanzania 5 Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical Teachers Training Academy (TTTA), Chihl Sutton, Kabul, Afghanistan 6 Department of Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kabul University, Kabul 1006, Afghanistan Article Open Access Published ABSTRACT In general terms, energy efficiency and conservation appraisal aspire to deliver an insatiable en- ergy demand with less energy within the most significant amount of conservation and environ- mental benefits at the lowest possible price. Sustainable planning and design rely on a series of multi-disciplines: technical, technological, social, political, environmental, ecological, economic, institutional, and global restrictions that abstruse viable decision-making. Recent reports indicate that the residential building sector consumes 40% of the total energy and emits 30% of green- house gas (GHGs) worldwide. Thus accordingly, energy consumption in buildings is estimated at one-third of total primary energy resources. Therefore, proper modeling and optimization of a sustainable building in terms of energy efficiency and saving become a matter of focus. This paper explores an emerging picture of influential factors in the context of hands-on roadmap for energy- efficient and smart city planners, practitioners, scholars, and researchers. This study reviews the main points and proposes a framework in detail in the upcoming studies. Meanwhile, another objective of this paper was to introduce the most crucial indicators of energy-efficient building planning, design, and optimization to draw an exhaustive roadmap in compliance with resiliency, sustainability, and efficiency criteria throughout the lifecycle of a sustainable building. Keywords − Energy conservation − Energy efficiency − Sustainable building − Smart city − Value chain Received: July 20, 2021; Revised: August 11, 2021; Accepted: August 12, 2021; Published: August 20, 2021 ©2021 REPA. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Energy as an indispensable factor for socio-economic de- velopment has remained an interesting topic for many re- searchers around the globe. An increasing day by day en- ergy demand in the world pursues scholars and research- ers to pave the way for positive change and innovative op- tions. Meanwhile, increasing demand for energy intimi- dates the globe for an uncontrollable situation for a long period, which unbelievably will affect routine life [1]. Globe development trends knotting with greenhouse gases emissions and environmental constraints. Among energy utilities in a smart city, buildings consume a signif- icant amount of energy that can be different based on en- ergy consumption culture from country to country. Ac- cording to reports [2–5], buildings consume 40% of the to- tal energy and emit 30% of greenhouse gas (GHGs) world- wide. Ecumenically, attention is paid to switching to re- newable energy sources and considering the sustainabil- ity dimensions from technical and technological innova- tion to climate change mitigation, cost reduction, and fos- sil fuel independence [6]. Prabha Kunder [7], besides the requirement and chal- lenges of sustainability of an electric power system, pointed out the role of new technology. The author claims that the energy industry shifts from a monopolistic to a competitive structure in the 21st century and requires balancing economic growth and preserving the natural environment [7]. While, this shifting is due to new tech- nologies directly undergoing technical, technological, eco- nomic, social, environmental, institutional, and political impacts within the territories around the globe. Power systems normal operation avoiding potential risk of black- out is part of sustainability measures. However, power systems are associated with possible blackouts, which can be occurred even in any system, e.g., Tokyo blackout on July 23, 1987; Amalgamated Kingdom, Sweden, Canada, Denmark, Italy, and the Cumulated States blackouts in 2003 [8]. Economic and competitive electricity markets push the utilities to operate power systems with maxi- mum generation capacity close to the collapse point, lead- ing to high risks of failure and blackouts [9]. Therefore, sustainable operation recommends a broader perspec- tive, balancing technical, technological, economic, envi- ronmental, institutional, social appraisals for optimum benefits for long-run sustainability [10]. For the European case, the green mortgage is proposed that fund on energy efficiency, means lower energy bills and higher property value [11]. For achieving the ambi- tion binding legislation related to energy efficiency,