978-602-70570-4-3 © 2016 Published by ITP PRESS
DOI 10.21063/ICTIS.2016.1102 674
International Conference on Technology, Innovation, and Society
(ICTIS) 2016
Influence of Igniter Component to The Burning of Bio
Briquette Rice Husk Torrefaction
Anton Irawan*, Widya Harty Sagala, Wina Sofianty P
Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa
Jln. Jendral Sudirman km 3, Cilegon-Banten, 41353
Telp: 0254-395502, Fax: 0254-395440
Abstract
Rice husk as waste agricultural biomass has great potential to be used as an
alternative fuel. Increased density of rice husk into bio briquettes will increase the
calorific value, but the initial firing rate would be longer. One way to shorten the
ignition time by adding an oxidant that supply oxygen for the oxidation reaction or
adding liquid igniter to the fraction of briquette was called briquette igniter.
Oxidizing agents that was used in this research were KMnO4, jatropha seeds and
gondorukem. The purpose of this research were to observe the effect on bio
briquettes igniter which could be shorten the ignition time and provided a
homogeneous rate of combustion, briquetting pressure effects and the influence of
composition on combustion characteristics briquettes. Oxidizers were mixed with
rice husk that have been torrefied, coal and starch. Mixture then moulded and pressed
to form a briquette. Proximate analysis, ultimate and calorific value were the quality
parameter of these briquettes. Combustion characteristics were tested with test
ignition time and hold time burning to find out the quality of briquettes combustion
through the combustion temperature profile testing. Based on these results, the best
torrefaction process at temperature 300º C and holding time 10 minutes. The best
igniter was jatropha seeds with a short ignition time in the 19th minute and lasting
burning time was 29 minutes long. Briquetting pressure of 100 kg/cm2 provided
the shortest time that was burning in the 19th minute with a good briquette strength.
Composition of rice husk and coal 70% and 30% provide the optimum combustion
at ignition time in 19th minute, firing 29 minutes hold time, volatile metter 49.98%,
fixed carbon 20.98% and caloric value 3885.7 kcal /kg.
Keywords: rice husk; torrefaction; briquetting; combustion
Correspondence should be addressed to antonirawan@untirta.ac.id
Copyright © 2016. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License.
Available online at http://eproceeding.itp.ac.id/
INTRODUCTION
Energy is the main need to mobilize human activity in achieving a life goal. Higher energy needs
to be supplied from a wide variety of energy sources, including renewable energy. In connection
with the depletion of fossil energy sources and the impact on the environment, the use of energy
from renewable energy sources including biomass is increasing. The types of biomass that can be
used include oil palm empty fruit bunches, palm shells, palm fruit fiber, rice husk and straw, corn
cobs, sugarcane bagasse, etc. The potential of biomass that Indonesia has around 32000 MW and
only about 1740 MW or 5.4% utilized [1]. Certainly the opportunities utilization of biomass as
an energy source is still wide open. Currently, biomass utilization is still low, the amount of
biomass accumulate and give rise to new problems such as decay and produce gases that affect
the environment.
Biomass can be used as fuel by various processes that direct combustion, gasification or
pyrolysis. So far, most utilization of biomass is done by direct combustion in the combustion