REV.CHIM.(Bucharest)♦69♦No.12♦2018 http://www.revistadechimie.ro 3717 * email: meliananca@yahoo.com Phone:0757781888; salceanu.mihaela@yahoo.com Phone:0744588269 The Efficiency and Degree of Penetrability of Frequent Washing Solutions Used in Endodontal Treatment ALEXANDRU ANDREI ILIESCU 1 , ANCA MELIAN 2 *, IONEL DAN - CRISTIAN 3 , CRISTINA STEFANESCU 3 , DIANA MARIA ANTON 3 , GABRIELA POPA 3 , MIHAELA SALCEANU 2 *, CRISTINA IORDACHE 2 , MARIUS MANOLE 4 1 University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Dental Medecine, 66, 1 Mai Str., 200638, Craiova , Romania 2 Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Dental Medecine,16 Universitatii Str., 700115, Iasi, Romania 3 Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Medicine and Pharmacy Faculty, Departament of Dentistry, 47 Domneasca Str., 800008, Galati, Romania 4 Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, 4 Louis Pasteur Str., 400349, Cluj Napoca, Romania The new directions of contemporary endodontics to the evolution of treatment techniques are: CTCB, digital radiography, operating microscope, apex locators, titanium nickel rotation tools and rotating systems that allow them to be used, special endodontic irrigation means, use of ultrasonic means, laser applications. The success rate of nowadays endodontic treatments based on the principles accepted and adopted so far should be rather high. However, there are studies that indicate a fairly low percentage of fully successful endodontic treatments. The main causes for which these data are recorded are various, some are strictly the dentist’s technique and some are related to the patient’s field. Obviously, there is a contradiction between what can be achieved and the final result. The study includes a batch of 52 teeth pluriradicular as well as monoradiculars considered irrecoverable and extracted due to clinical situations requiring this method of treatment. Anatomy of dental canals is an important factor to be considered in the irrigation efficiency of the apical region; the degree of permeability of dentinal canals in this area is poor due to very small diameters, cumulative factors can lead for sure to a failure of endodontic treatment. In the coronal and media regions of the channels, the effectiveness of the lavage solutions used could be assessed. These very good results were in accordance with the studies performed and presented. Keywords: endodontic irrigation, endodontic treatments, channeling. . A key stage in the success of canal treatment is irrigation. The importance of this step is given by the type of irrigant used; it has the advantage of reducing friction between instruments and dentin, increasing the efficiency of needles in channeling, dissolving tissues, instrument and tooth cooling, cleaning, and antimicrobial and antibiotic effects. It should also be borne in mind that, at present, endodontic lavage becomes the only solution that can reach those areas of the root canal that can not be penetrated by any mechanical instrument [1,2]. The evolution of endodontic practice adjusted by state- of-the-art technology, optimal tools, and materials that ease the treatments has succeeded in creating an appropriate access of the irrigants to the entire endodontic space. Most current studies state that by strictly manual instrumentation, it is not possible to fully penetrate all endodontic channels. Rotational and ultrasonic activation of lavatory solutions have proven to be more effective[3,4]. It has been shown that bacteria and their products are the first to be accused of failure of canal treatments, playing an important role in the development and perpetuation of pulp and periapical disease. Although the bacterial root canal flora is predominantly anaerobic, Enterococcus faecalis strains have also been shown to be directly involved in the persistence of the infection influencing the prognosis of canal treatment (Engström 1964). Once the bacterium has been established in the root canal, it can no longer be eradicated by the host defense mechanism. Therefore, endodontic infections are treated by mechanical procedures aided by chemicals. Microorganisms cause all pathology of dental pulp and periodontal tissue. To effectively treat endodontic infections, the clinician needs to know the cause and effect of the microbial invasion of the endodontic space. As soon as bacterial invasion takes place in pulp tissue, nonspecific inflammation and specific host immune response have a profound effect on disease progression. Knowledge of endogenous disease associated microorganisms is necessary to develop a basic understanding of the disease process and the success of an effective treatment against it.Although most studies have summoned bacteria in the development of endopathy, it has recently been discovered that there are strains of viruses and fungi associated with it [5-7]. Up to these conclusions, various theories were taking place among the researchers in the field, and the most common was the Focal Infection theory. Diversity of microorganisms din the endodontic space is very high. In the oral cavity there are 1000 species of bacteria, whereas in the case of apical periodontitis in the endodontic space, researchers in the field have found no less than 400 different bacterial species. The number increases even more in the case of recurrences of pulpitis and periodontitis, in which cases the endodontic restorations are required. It is important to mention in post- treatment diseases, in addition to bacteria, microorganisms and fungi, the emergence of new bacteria such as Archaea (grouping microorganisms with prokaryotic cellular organization, formerly framed among bacteria, are now in the field of ARCHAEA organisms which at molecular level are more similar to eukaryotes than to bacteria.) The ability of microorganisms in the endodontic space to produce biofilm and from it to endodontic infections is well known. Treated or not, apical periodontitis are certainly the product of the endodontic biofim. Among the most well-known microorganisms that inhabit biofilm are E. faecalis, which