Proceedings of the 2003 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Engineering Education
Session 1625
Design of a CAD Integrated Physical Model Rotator
Brad Kinsey
University of New Hampshire
Abstract
Increasing the number of engineers is crucial to keep pace with the current demands for a high
tech workforce. There are two critical concerns related to the shortage of engineers, retention of
students in engineering disciplines and attraction of students into engineering fields. While not
the only factor that influences retention and recruitment issues (others include peer support and
mentoring), poor spatial ability skills may play a significant role. For example, the ability to
correctly visualize three dimensional objects when they are represented in two dimensions, such
as in Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software or in a detailed part drawing, is essential for
engineers. Not surprisingly, due to self selection, engineering students typically score higher on
spatial ability tests than their non-engineering counterparts. Research has shown that the spatial
ability of engineering students will improve during a semester long CAD based design course
and also that students prefer working with actual physical objects when developing these skills
during a drafting course. However, whether the integration of an actual physical model with the
CAD software can generate even greater improvement in spatial ability in both engineering and
non-engineering students has not been investigated. In this paper, a CAD integrated Physical
Model Rotator is proposed and details are provided with respect to its design and
implementation. Future experiments are also discussed which will investigate the effectiveness
of this educational tool to improve the spatial ability skills of a diverse population.
I. Introduction
The shortage of engineering students and the fear of the United States’ losing its global
technological advantage are well documented [1]. A report by the National Science Board
estimated that the growth in engineering employment between 1994 to 2005 will be 35% while
the enrollment in engineering fields has fallen consistently since 1979, approximately 1.6%
annually [2]. There are two critical concerns related to the shortage of engineers, retention of
students in engineering disciplines and attraction of students to engineering fields. While not the
only factor that influences retention and recruitment issues, poor spatial ability skills may play a
significant role due to the lack of confidence a student feels during introductory engineering
courses and while performing crucial visualization tasks. As was stated by Bishop [3] and noted
by several others [4-10], “good spatial conceptualization is not an asset but a necessity” for
engineering as well as other math and science disciplines. Henderson [9], a sociologist, came to
this conclusion after interviewing design engineers in over 30 companies, and Ferguson [10]
stressed the importance of the “mind’s eye”, i.e. the ability to have a mental image and be able to
mentally manipulate the artifact, during the design process. An example of this vital spatial skill