1 Plant Archives Vol. 21, Supplement 1, 2021 pp. 1224-1229 e-ISSN:2581-6063 (online), ISSN:0972-5210 Plant Archives Journal homepage: http://www.plantarchives.org doi link : https://doi.org/10.51470/PLANTARCHIVES.2021.v21.S1.193 PLANT TISSUE CULTURAL TECHNIQUE TO INCREASE PRODUCTION OF PHYTOCHEMICALS FROM MEDICINAL PLANTS: A REVIEW Siham A. Salim 1 , Ahmed A. Abed 1 , Muhammad Akram 2 and Umme Laila 2 1 Al-Mussiab Technical College, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Iraq 2 Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad-Pakistan Email: dr.sihamabdalrazzaq22@yahoo.com, com.shm@atu.edu.iq ABSTRACT Almost eighty percent of the world inhabitants rely on traditional formulation which obtain by using various medicinal plants to cure and ménage the acute and chronic ailment from the ancient times. Important formulation is made by using the different parts of the plant and the extract of the plant. Number of important phytochemicals present in each plant which we obtained by using several technologies. By using tissue plant culture, we able to obtain desired phytochemicals. These components possess different medicinal activities like antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and many more. Most of the secondary metabolites are obtained from some important herbs. The product which made by using these components are very effective and show fewer side effects. Plant tissue culture is one of the best methods now a days to obtained potential component which usually not derived from the whole plant. Keywords : Tissue culture technique, secondary metabolites, medicinal plants, elicitation Introduction From the previous decades the history of tissue and plant culture is described in many books, papers and article. Firstly, the tissue culture technique was proposed by Haberlandt Gottlieb in 1902 in which he gave the concept to understand the relation and functionality of cell with different organism. In 1922 first plant is successfully cultured by scientist. For the culture of plant cell, it is important to understand the plant hormone which also known as regulators for the growth of plant. These plant regulators play significance in different manners. 3 indole-butyric acid first growth regulators which discovered in 1926. The period between 1940 to 1960 was a golden period to produce various technique which effectively used for plant tissue culture, these techniques still used for that purpose. At that time various development are done to discover the new and important growth regulator for plant, kinetin was also discovered at that time and it is a good cell division hormone. The scientist of that time Miller and Skoog in 1957 also give concept to understand the control of hormone by adjusting the auxin and cytokines concentration. MS medium also discovered at that time which effectively used for the culture of tobacco cells, this medium consists of C source, low amount of N, macro and micro nutrients, salt concentration high, vitamins obtained from the B complex and growth regulators. From the previous decades to till now researcher do many experiments for the development of important phytochemical and various tissue cultural technique. To get valuable metabolites tissue culture is best for this purpose. By using the tissue culture method for the development of secondary metabolites overcame the development of soil grown plants. The scale up and protocol immobilization allowed the production of secondary metabolites which effectively used in many applications. Rosmarinus acid and taxol effectively show anti-oxidant and chemotherapeutic characteristics. By using these plant tissue culture number of bioactive components are obtained like phenolic component. Benefits of using plant tissue culture Eighty percent of the population depends on natural and plant derivative medicine for their acute or primarily health related issue and it is approved by WHO. It is also proved from the world health organization that almost 2/3 of anti- infectious and anti-carcinogenic medicine which present in market are obtain from plant and their derivatives. Natural plants are very effective for treating number of problems regarding to human health. For the development of important bioactive chemical component tissue culture and plant cell are effective tools in biotechnology and these component used effectively in diversified areas. Tissue culture and plant cells effectively used in the agriculture and food industry to produce component which used in food purpose. These plant derivatives components have potential bioactivity and less toxicity and this one proved from the many researchers. In tissue culturing technique under aseptic situation manipulation of organ cells occurs and the growth of these cells occurs in a culture medium under suitable condition in which controlled light, temperature and humidity present. By using this suitable production system not only increase the extracts standardization and uniformity but also maintain the genetic properties of the colon. In an artificial medium for the maintenance of functions like totipotency and secondary metabolites gene pool is important. The growth rate of plant depends on climate condition, production of secondary metabolites occurs low when environment condition is suitable. production yield improves by using two significant