GORbaO SROLcLeV aQd ORcaO UeaOLWLeV: E[aPLQLQg Ldea Rf LQcOXVLYe cLWL]eQVhLS LQ SRVW-CAA IQdLa India Sugandha Nagpal and Amrita Hari Mar 26, 2020 Determining who is a citizen requires determining who is not a citizen. This simple truism underlies the discourse that India has been propelled into having with the CAA and NRC. The exclusionary tendencies enshrined in these are not unique. Citizenship, migration, and asylum policies in countries in the developed world (Canada, UK, US etc.) govern population movements at their borders and protect their sovereignty. But citizenship is not only about exclusion, but it is also about articulating policies on inclusion, integration, and tolerance, which can be a complex and imperfect process. The experiences of traditional immigrant-receiving countries provide a useful starting point to discuss the terms of exclusion and inclusion for Indian citizenship. Despite the violence and contestation in India around the implementation of the CAA and NRC, this critical juncture offers a chance to imagine the possibility for more inclusive terms of belonging in India. There are no easy comparisons of the trajectories of citizenship among former imperial states such as the UK, settler-colonial states such as Canada and Australia, and postcolonial nations such as India. Each of these countries bears their unique imprint and legacy of violence and colonisation. For instance, countries like Canada, the United States, and Australia are created on indigenous land and their very existence and citizenship is a violation of indigenous rights. In fact, indigenous groups often cite the ways in which newer migrant groups are complicit in ongoing processes of colonization because of their