901
1
Clinica Reumatologica, Università
Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy;
2
Department of Rheumatology, Antrim
Hospital, Antrim, United Kingdom;
3
Unità Operativa di Reumatologia,
Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy;
4
Cattedra di Reumatologia, IRCCS
Policlinico San Matteo, Università di
Pavia, Pavia, Italy;
5
Rheumatology Unit, Dipartimento di
Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche,
Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.
Emilio Filippucci, MD
Gary Meenagh, MD
Andrea Delle Sedie, MD
Garifallia Sakellariou, MD
Annamaria Iagnocco, MD
Lucrezia Riente, MD
Marwin Gutierrez, MD
Stefano Bombardieri, MD, Professor of
Rheumatology
Guido Valesini, MD, Professor of
Rheumatology
Carlomaurizio Montecucco, MD,
Professor of Rheumatology
Walter Grassi, MD, Professor of
Rheumatology
Please address correspondence to:
Dr Emilio Filippucci,
Clinica Reumatologica,
Università Politecnica delle Marche,
Ospedale “C. Urbani”,
Via dei Colli 52,
60035 Jesi (Ancona), Italy.
E-mail: emilio_filippucci@yahoo.it
Received and accepted on December 14,
2011.
Clin Exp Rheumatol 2011; 29: 901-905.
© Copyright CLINICAL AND
EXPERIMENTAL RHEUMATOLOGY 2011.
Competing interests: none declared.
ABSTRACT
Objective. This study aims to investi-
gate the relationship between clinical
and US findings together with the prev-
alence and distribution of US findings
indicative of monosodium urate (MSU)
crystal deposition within the foot in pa-
tients with gout.
Methods. A total of 50 patients with
gout attending the in-patient and the
out-patient clinics of the Rheumatology
Departments were prospectively en-
rolled in this multi-centre study. Multi-
planar examination of the following 15
joints was performed: talo-navicular,
navicular-cuneiform (medial, interme-
diate and lateral), calcaneo-cuboid,
medial, intermediate and lateral cunei-
form-metatarsal, cuboid-4th metatar-
sal, cuboid-5th metatarsal and all five
metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints.
Results. The following US findings were
indicative of gout: enhancement of the
superficial margin of the hyaline carti-
lage, intra-articular tophus, and extra-
articular tophus. In 46 patients, a total
of 1380 foot joints were investigated. In
1309 joints that were not clinically in-
volved, US detected signs indicative of
joint inflammation in 9% (121/1309).
Talo-navicular joint and the first MTP
joint were the joints in which the high-
est number of US findings were found at
mid-foot and fore-foot, respectively. At
MTP joint level, dorsal scans allowed
the detection of a higher number of US
findings indicative of joint inflamma-
tion, and MSU crystal deposits rather
than on the volar plane.
Conclusion. This study demonstrated
that US detected a higher number of
inflamed foot joints than clinical exam-
ination, and that the first MTP and the
talo-navicular joints were the anatomic
sites with the highest prevalence of US
signs of MSU crystal aggregates.
Introduction
In recent times several studies have in-
vestigated the role of ultrasound (US)
in the rheumatological assessment of
patients with gout (1-15). Highly spe-
cific findings have been already been
described by our group and other in-
vestigators.
Current evidence suggests that US is
an accurate imaging tool for detect-
ing signs of monosodium urate (MSU)
crystal deposition. Some aspects of us-
ing US in gout require further clarifi-
cation, however including the relation-
ship between clinical and US findings
and the impact of these findings in the
management of patients with gout.
The present study was aimed at investi-
gating the relationship between clinical
and US findings, together with the prev-
alence and distribution of US findings
indicative of MSU crystal deposition
within the foot in patients with gout.
Methods
Patients
A total of 50 consecutive patients with
a definite diagnosis of gout (16) attend-
ing the in-patient and out-patient clin-
ics of the Rheumatology Departments
were prospectively enrolled in this
multi-centre study. Patients with previ-
ous joint surgery and/or history of se-
vere trauma to the foot were excluded.
Each centre was expected to recruit at
least 10 patients. Four patients were
not included because of the following
reasons: two patients had undergone a
surgical intervention, one had multi-
ple metatarsal bony fractures and the
last did not agree to participate in the
study.
Before the beginning of the study, the
sonographers reached an agreement on
the scanning protocol to adopt and on
Imaging
Ultrasound imaging for the rheumatologist
XXXVI. Sonographic assessment of the foot in gout patients
E. Filippucci
1
, G. Meenagh
2
, A. Delle Sedie
3
, G. Sakellariou
4
, A. Iagnocco
5
, L. Riente
3
,
M. Gutierrez
1
, S. Bombardieri
3
, G. Valesini
5
, C. Montecucco
4
, W. Grassi
1