575 Paper ID: A148 Characterization and Elemental Quantification of Natural Hydroxyapatite Produced from Cow Bone J. O. Akindoyo*, S. Ghazali * , M. D. H. Beg, N. Jeyaratnam Faculty of Chemical & Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia. *Corresponding author: blessedbode@ymail.com; suriati.ghazali@gmail.com EXTENDED ABSTRACT Demand for hydroxyapatite (HA) is increasing annually, due to the growing number of orthopedic patients. Therefore, there is a challenge of meeting this growing demand without interfering with the integrity of the environment. The aim of this study is to produce HA from natural sources. In this study, natural HA was extracted from cow bone through ultrasound treatment of the raw bone followed by calcination at different temperatures from 650-950 o C [1, 2]. Ultrasound treatment in ordinary water medium is found to be suitable for cleaning the bone and the HA produced after calcination at 950 o C was found to possess the desirable properties needed for pure HA. Characterization of the produced HA was conducted through several other techniques including Field emission scanning electron miscroscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) among others. The HA revealed a nearly spherical morphology as confirmed through FESEM observation. The XRD diffractograms of the raw cow bone powder and the different calcined samples are illustrated in Figure 1. A standard XRD diffractogram for HA (ICCD standard HA, DB card number 01-074-9761) is also included in Figure 1 for validation of the prepared HA samples. Generally, the important peaks associated with standard HA can be seen in the diffractograms of the calcined samples which is an indication that ultrasound treatment followed by calcination process was able to remove collagen and other organic materials from the raw cow bone without observable disruption to the molecular skeletal of the HA produced [3]. In addition, the diffracted characteristic peaks of the calcined samples can be seen to be consistent with those of standard HA. Fig 1: XRD diffractograms of samples calcined at different temperature and a standard HA