January 2018, Volume 5, Issue 1 JETIR (ISSN-2349-5162) JETIR1801138 Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR) www.jetir.org 717 AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING Anjali Saini 1 , P.K.Yadav 2 1 Ph.D Scholar, Computer Science and Engineering, Singhania University, India 2 Department of Computer Science & Mathematics, Singhania University, India Abstract - Natural Language Processing is an important and innovative research field in database system and intellectualized GIS. It is an interesting,creative and difficult domain for developing and evaluating representation and reasoning theories.The interpretation of Natural Language (English) database questions formulated by users in database queries is an major issue in the field of Artificial intelligence(AI). This research paper aims at giving an overview in this area focusing and evaluating the current status and visualizing future trends of NLP. Keywords - Natural language Processing(NLP), NQML, NLP Aspects I INTRODUCTION Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a field of computer science, artificial intelligence and linguistics concerned with the interactions between computers and human (natural) languages. As such, NLP is related to the area of human- computer interaction. Many challenges in NLP involve natural language understanding that is enabling computers to derive meaning from natural or human language input and others involve natural language generation.Natural language generation convert information from computer databases into readable human language. Natural language Understanding convert chunks of text into more formal representations like first order logic structures that are simple and easier for computer programs to manipulate.It involves the identification of the intended semantic from the multiple possible semantics which can be derived from a natural language expression that takes the form of organized notations of natural languages concepts. Human understanding of language requires background or common sense knowledge of the world. Human consciousness is tightly coupled with both language and our internal models of the outer world. Indeed, many argue that it is our consciousness that creates our own world (i.e., we create the worlds that we live in). It makes little sense to assume that the real world is static and is not affected by conscious entities living in that world. So, in trying to understand life and consciousness, it is important to understand the context of experiences in the world. Children playing often make up new words spontaneously that for the children involved has real meaning in the context of their lives. There are two basic approaches depending on whether we want to write an effective “natural language front end” to a software system or if we are motivated to do fundamental research on minds and consciousness by building a system that acquire structure and intelligence through its interaction with its environment. Parsers are defined with finite state machines that recognize word sequences as specific words, noun phrases, verb phrases, etc. The context free programming for NLP includes the following. Difficulty in dealing with different sentences structures that has the same meaning. Handling number agreement between subjects and verbs. Determining the deep structure of input texts. The term morphological tags refers to labeling of words with parts of speech tags. Some of the examples are as follows.  Noun – cat, dog, boy etc  Pronouns – He, she, it o Relative Pronouns – which, who, that  Verb – run, throw, see etc  Adverbs o Describe how some thing is done – fast, well. Etc o Time after, soon, etc o Questioning – How, why, when, where o Place – down, up, here etc.  Determiners o Articles – a, an, the o Possessives – my, your, theirs etc o Demonstratives – this, that, these, those NLP based Information Extraction It is a Web based system which works in a hierarchical manner. The system converges various collaborative working modules in a single package. The software is designed to work as a real time application. IE/IR is of the highest importance, in the art of detection, to be able to recognize out of a number of facts, which are, incidental and which are vital. The system is to extract & retrieve the data related to any field such as medical field, spatial etc according to the query. The following diagram describes a common approach to information retrieval systems.