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International Journal of Green Chemistry and Bioprocess 2016; 6(1): 7-12
ISSN 2277-7199
Original Article
Microwave assisted synthesis of pH sensitive superabsorbent polymers based
Polyaspartic acid/acrylic acid
Shilpa Sharma, Amita Dua and Amita Malik*.
Department of Chemistry; Dyal Singh College; Lodhi Road, New Delhi-11 00 03
*corresponding author email: amitamalik@dsc.du.ac.in
Received 30 May 2016; accepted 18 July 2016
Abstract
Microwave organic synthesis has turned out to be a cause for revolution in organic synthesis. The technique is easily
acceptable because it allows the synthesis to be done at a faster rate, being simple, efficient and involves less consumption
of hazardous chemicals. It has provided a momentum for many chemists to switch from traditional heating method to
microwave assisted chemistry. Microwave synthesis being an innovative process of heating has taken research a step ahead
in green chemistry. This research work focuses on synthesis and characterization of superabsorbent polymer using
microwave technique. Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) are 3-D cross linked network of the polymeric chains. These
networks help SAP to swell and imbibes large amount of water and don’t even loose water when squeezed. T he
synthesized polymeric material is composed of polymer, Polyaspartic acid, monomer acrylic acid with EGDMA and
TMPTA as cross linkers and initiator ammonium persulfate. The synthesized SAP has been characterized by using various
techniques namely swelling ratio under different conditions (physiological fluids,) and also by some techniques like FTIR,
SEM and EDAX. Polymers with EGDMA as cross-linker have shown better absorption than TMPTA based samples in
water and saline solution. However, in case of glucose TMPTA samples have shown better results. The highly absorbing
material can be used in biomedical products such as wound dressings.
© 2016 Universal Research Publications. All rights reserved
Key words: Microwave, Synthesis, Cross-linker, Superabsorbent, Polymer, Swelling.
1.0 Introduction:
Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) are a class of polymers
that are able to absorb large amounts of water, typically
more than traditional absorbent material as they consist of a
network of polymer chains that are cross-linked to avoid
dissolution. The ionic functional groups along the polymer
chains are responsible for diffusion of water within the
network Personal hygiene products which include diapers,
adult continenance products; sanitary napkins mostly
control the market for SAPs. Other areas of applications
include, water retaining agents, dehydrating agents, and
control release agents for various chemicals [1].
Polyacrylate is the principle material used in the synthesis
of SAP for various industrial application. Superabsorbent
polyacrylates are prepared by polymerizing acrylic acid
produced from propene, which is a byproduct of ethylene
and gasoline production. Therefore, production of
polyacrylate is from nonrenewable material.. These being
non-biodegradable add to the environmental pollution.
Biodegradable polymers with polysaccharides and proteins
have been developed by grafting of acrylic acid. Only a
few studies have been reported in the case of protein-based
SAPs [2, 3]
Biodegradable poly(aspartic acid) (PAsp) based polymers
are currently being investigated for many possible
applications including use as scale inhibitors and
dispersants, coatings, resin modifiers, drug carriers,
chelating agents, fertilizers, and detergents, hair
conditioners and fixatives, corrosion inhibitors, metal -
working fluids and, especially, superabsorbent
materials.[4]. These are being prepared by thermal
polymerization. All the known methods of obtaining those
polymers take a long time (from few to a dozen hours) and
need a catalyst like phosphoric acid or p-toluenesulphonic
acid [5-8]. The use of catalyst eliminates a number of
applications in pharmacy and biomaterial engineering.
Microwave radiation has been successfully applied in
polymer chemistry and technology [9-11], among others to
syntheses of poly(aspartic acid) and its derivatives [12-13].
Nevertheless the influence of different parameters of such
synthesis method on the properties of the polymer obtained
is not known. Synthesis of polyAsp has been reported using
microwave from polysuccinimde [14]. Research of
developing polymer based on PAsp as superabsorbent
polymers is focused thermal polymerization. Not much
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International Journal of Green Chemistry and Bioprocess
Universal Research Publications. All rights reserved